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    m43轉(zhuǎn)接老鏡頭(b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)m43)

       2022-12-22 22:36:11 admin2820
    核心提示:1. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)m43在下面隨便找個(gè)輸進(jìn)去windows xp序列號(hào),分專業(yè)版和家庭版,請(qǐng)選擇適合您的版本。家庭版:3FKBQ-32TH7-D3TJB-YBWTQ-D26VQKXDVQ-26WRM-PDGP2-CH7VJ-BFKGHWP6T6-D7F2H-7T8WY-8D37V-

    1. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)m43

    在下面隨便找個(gè)輸進(jìn)去windows xp序列號(hào),分專業(yè)版和家庭版,請(qǐng)選擇適合您的版本。

    家庭版:3FKBQ-32TH7-D3TJB-YBWTQ-D26VQKXDVQ-26WRM-PDGP2-CH7VJ-BFKGHWP6T6-D7F2H-7T8WY-8D37V-BPCH34K63F-F74YG-XCTQR-3QFT6-788JQYYF2G-2BGGM-8M4HV-C4VKM-278QG492BW-YGCJX-M7Y48-FCJGG-CWTCKQ83JG-YRR24-VVDJG-JMDJD-TDP92CGT8C-VPMGV-22FTB-4662X-PKRW7R38RJ-TV3M3-KWPKW-3T2V4-M74XF82YWC-44DWH-VP8B4-M8Q8G-7XKVGGHHTT-GJ476-BF48P-GF4X3-Y4RJBDYJC7-8T366-QFKVH-7YYWJ-72GV9GJWW3-XGJQW-X4FM6-XX8F4-M223FCCMHK-VT7HK-VJR4K-7RJ7T-HPK4QXGX4M-K7MC2-VGJH7-XMX27-7HBPMFTKHV-8PXKK-HXQM6-2JJYM-RG28263VXM-JFP8B-MTPVW-734PV-GJ8HD4YX4G-62MTT-6RTQX-PV2VB-7MBFFJMC7C-BTWJR-WHQF2-32V8K-TGGGYW7QRW-FWD36-XFD84-TDQXV-PY3DVTQWCP-RBXGT-C8CRW-P2JCM-QVTVF3MJJ7-7BQXX-KRX47-6CJKY-W97FX3MDP8-KCP2H-RRQGW-PGMDH-RQPVGQDFJC-JKR8B-D6XF2-7X763-Y2YTB2QFJY-MGCKJ-G3CDD-VY2T2-8TC4JGW7QD-77WJ2-FXM26-WT6JP-F6RGBJG3WK-GCJCR-KHDYD-GJHBK-FVP4DR42R8-6KXWF-2WMVC-J82GR-WRP2CD3MFD-PHCFQ-HJ68R-6F3JB-G3BPY2R3TQ-JCQFP-4BJ6M-Y6HC8-TYHJTW3XCV-TYTMB-B2TB7-R7WCQ-J7G6P2FB6V-TCM4H-7K8HR-7XC2W-K28P6QDBHH-T6RMK-YPB8Q-MB3R8-BM9CR4CHYB-FRHR6-J8QFQ-B6HVF-VGJPFGDQPQ-FWJMD-MCRYR-74DGR-MJYVJ4RFKJ-GGJVV-Y3TXH-XXB6R-JYGGD7TJPG-4TRPT-C8PRJ-H338J-GV87643BFW-KFJHY-QPMD4-738QV-8833G2YH22-WPYXK-R8M32-42J4X-6RJPDYBPRD-Q76CB-FV8PK-XV8GB-FGQFGKRGKM-2QTBV-GKQC6-762J3-Q3GTP2PCBJ-JKPPG-4FG8Q-7HPJH-87X8RMX2WW-4MHYT-Y47QG-4XRB8-WRKFJJ7F7Y-8CPRT-8Q4KH-4KWV8-YWBFX8F3XP-MKXY3-2R6TR-BKPYW-WJCK8PTMHT-JB72F-2WKW4-WRGY6-K84KVB6FJQ-8GFCV-YMFQ8-3BPX4-VDM6XVMG8Q-FF4BK-8CQD3-MDK88-YK9R9V28QQ-Q862G-QVK6W-KJHYT-769M3M4QWF-VYPPQ-M4DKK-WX2K7-2V29Q8QXTR-RY36X-2C3T4-CT2QJ-YT9B7JRWBM-FXQP7-83WF7-7RRDX-DD82YX8TVX-4J2MR-X3TK4-7FRWX-T88TRVXFKK-FYTP6-8VKV7-P74PJ-6TF9H8W8GB-FGB4Y-KFWCG-JFWDK-WMRTPFDWTM-34B7D-7X4H4-VCRW4-F8J8HQ8JJY-V34V6-23HBK-JPG2C-KPDPPMWF2H-JVJF2-PRMFY-3V44D-PR37TWW7B6-QPRQJ-F37PX-8GCVX-TVBCMYWDK6-PGWBD-CR62C-76FBB-MGXMGWQMD2-RJK68-26648-GFMGR-929V2P6GKF-GPP2F-6TCGD-XCP4J-PYX2K8WFC3-M23WH-MHJTH-DQCX7-MPWBQDFHQG-H3Y3W-Y3PM6-GXCD4-RB9H2MVP7X-2MXWF-CWBMF-KV866-3KJ8DFYFF3-XRKKC-2PYGD-H2TR7-DMF7F27WC6-6XKFG-6K3DD-D3F23-8HHFQTQ4W3-VTW4X-X4XTF-W4TXG-HVKYR2VTVG-7MYXM-RPXD7-BP8DH-CF87JBBK3F-BYD63-HXWTP-CFW3Q-J8G9MMHW86-DRMYB-BCYKP-YB4QP-PK8T7VWPRH-PBJKY-TWQTY-GKQCC-RD3QRH68PX-YVX8Q-XXJJ8-RPPX3-FJFW93PJ2X-8W2YY-YQFKC-JCTY3-3D7Y2GBDQR-C47MH-VW8GH-8W3FX-QY3RV6F67C-WKF86-CPXV2-YBRBD-JVTMX8G6RP-GXPMW-BTHTJ-4MV3G-V297K4QQTF-8RX4D-88VHR-V3WH8-43TRPC7JDR-8F6FB-2YQC7-46VBH-GPBK8F3PXR-QYKTW-PT6RV-F2DWR-QCVF942BK8-28H73-HHYFY-YBYPM-R4MY97BCCB-R4KW6-PCDK6-QTX8R-X2F76MW8V8-83TR2-R3YGT-2TTTJ-PJDTX2BR4M-P4JBV-2MQBG-BW72M-GKFK4GKXHH-7PW74-8JVTX-6YFV3-M43283VRV4-M8P3H-HTKJ8-WPCQP-4JFFPCHGBG-7HRR2-BDYJD-YRQPF-46V2KX7PKB-82CW6-6BCDF-786DB-X97P46GXYV-MDJJG-GX8RM-MGVK8-PK294H3PPY-YVDJM-PTYKH-CRWJV-77FCPCQPWP-HXQHD-MHPG4-C74FX-TDCM2RDPMY-Q8VYP-D4TKT-BJQTM-DTHTX8C3V7-67RYX-PK2JP-TMVYC-JBD6CRXHQ2-6447R-RQCWC-3QGRM-KW7KC438QK-XTRK4-2XJPC-MBB8T-QHF448RPX2-WMRFB-3H4TM-76Q2R-6DDRX2CY7B-K3QT8-44V2X-37FWY-6MCQBMYDGX-CXTB4-XGJWX-BWPKV-R9YTF84BXM-QYJPJ-JJHJT-J7CW8-BDGP8BTW27-RKBRX-2VX6H-TT34J-XBPJMCMJ8D-F2RXW-XCQC7-HHHJ2-C9MXF8CRV2-HB2F8-34TJC-GWGJ3-KFX6YQK2HX-XQTHB-RY82Q-DRCKP-WM2CR24DFT-36QKX-3RJYB-QKR6V-3PW7H6F67H-JCM78-MX3DP-T6WVQ-G8BJ3DDQXH-Y7BHK-XJMY3-QHYKT-G33DCRPGTB-KQBRT-2GVVX-QJVFV-9W234TDR4M-WDY3H-7YPDF-C4JJ3-BWQXF8M2MQ-R3FGJ-T38HW-66RJ4-D9G6QCKQ4C-8YHDG-MPW6Y-D3BRD-T8CBVKJ27M-HTVT6-JJWV2-PTGVJ-TRBV4W77QW-QGX7H-4FMMW-TF6FB-WGG2B7TFDP-GPCCD-R37TY-WRQVK-Y2PVGYKXDH-3VBMM-RYYTW-H2JP3-YQVJD3TFWH-VP64T-J7XYG-HWRQ4-KKY99BTR2C-XFTJK-46Y4C-6DKFH-7KTDQ7DHFC-8W788-PJCWX-CJDY4-92RHY3GH6Y-JJQDX-MXC8J-8V3TG-FGYX648DF2-CPCMX-8W6J8-MWHDQ-4GPY8VTXV3-74TJ7-3WDDV-V7832-PD4YPV8PTP-KG7DR-J8CQ3-XX7HM-J9QBM3DCDH-XFMP7-DD26D-77TRR-PJCWQDRMRB-T82V8-2W2QG-44VM2-9Y6PCB7BKT-8HD82-JFCY4-KXV2T-DTCXYW8GBG-7GGHV-3PJQG-KCFRT-GBY9P專業(yè)版:3FKBQ-32TH7-D3TJB-YBWTQ-D26VQHCQ9D-TVCWX-X9QRG-J4B2Y-GR2TTKXDVQ-26WRM-PDGP2-CH7VJ-BFKGHWP6T6-D7F2H-7T8WY-8D37V-BPCH34K63F-F74YG-XCTQR-3QFT6-788JQYYF2G-2BGGM-8M4HV-C4VKM-278QG492BW-YGCJX-M7Y48-FCJGG-CWTCKQ83JG-YRR24-VVDJG-JMDJD-TDP92CGT8C-VPMGV-22FTB-4662X-PKRW7R38RJ-TV3M3-KWPKW-3T2V4-M74XF82YWC-44DWH-VP8B4-M8Q8G-7XKVGGHHTT-GJ476-BF48P-GF4X3-Y4RJBDYJC7-8T366-QFKVH-7YYWJ-72GV9GJWW3-XGJQW-X4FM6-XX8F4-M223FCCMHK-VT7HK-VJR4K-7RJ7T-HPK4QXGX4M-K7MC2-VGJH7-XMX27-7HBPMFTKHV-8PXKK-HXQM6-2JJYM-RG28263VXM-JFP8B-MTPVW-734PV-GJ8HD4YX4G-62MTT-6RTQX-PV2VB-7MBFFJMC7C-BTWJR-WHQF2-32V8K-TGGGYW7QRW-FWD36-XFD84-TDQXV-PY3DVTQWCP-RBXGT-C8CRW-P2JCM-QVTVF3MJJ7-7BQXX-KRX47-6CJKY-W97FX3MDP8-KCP2H-RRQGW-PGMDH-RQPVGQDFJC-JKR8B-D6XF2-7X763-Y2YTB2QFJY-MGCKJ-G3CDD-VY2T2-8TC4JGW7QD-77WJ2-FXM26-WT6JP-F6RGBJG3WK-GCJCR-KHDYD-GJHBK-FVP4DR42R8-6KXWF-2WMVC-J82GR-WRP2CD3MFD-PHCFQ-HJ68R-6F3JB-G3BPY2R3TQ-JCQFP-4BJ6M-Y6HC8-TYHJTW3XCV-TYTMB-B2TB7-R7WCQ-J7G6P2FB6V-TCM4H-7K8HR-7XC2W-K28P6QDBHH-T6RMK-YPB8Q-MB3R8-BM9CR4CHYB-FRHR6-J8QFQ-B6HVF-VGJPFGDQPQ-FWJMD-MCRYR-74DGR-MJYVJ4RFKJ-GGJVV-Y3TXH-XXB6R-JYGGD7TJPG-4TRPT-C8PRJ-H338J-GV87643BFW-KFJHY-QPMD4-738QV-8833G2YH22-WPYXK-R8M32-42J4X-6RJPDYBPRD-Q76CB-FV8PK-XV8GB-FGQFGKRGKM-2QTBV-GKQC6-762J3-Q3GTP2PCBJ-JKPPG-4FG8Q-7HPJH-87X8RMX2WW-4MHYT-Y47QG-4XRB8-WRKFJJ7F7Y-8CPRT-8Q4KH-4KWV8-YWBFX8F3XP-MKXY3-2R6TR-BKPYW-WJCK8PTMHT-JB72F-2WKW4-WRGY6-K84KV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    2. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)接m43

      Windows 8.1核心版安裝密鑰: 334NH-RXG76-64THK-C7CKG-D3VPT  密鑰是一種參數(shù),它是在明文轉(zhuǎn)換為密文或?qū)⒚芪霓D(zhuǎn)換為明文的算法中輸入的參數(shù)。密鑰分為對(duì)稱密鑰與非對(duì)稱密鑰?! in8.1安裝密鑰:  注意:Windows 8.1 RTM版,安裝過(guò)程中會(huì)提示用戶輸入密鑰,這個(gè)時(shí)候就不能輸入Windows 8密鑰了,而是使用系統(tǒng)提供的臨時(shí)密鑰來(lái)完成安裝,然后在激活的過(guò)程中更換成Windows 8密鑰,重啟即可解決問(wèn)題。  在安裝Windows 8.1 RTM的過(guò)程中,你的設(shè)備可能會(huì)被強(qiáng)制安裝.NET 3.5 framework,這時(shí)你還需要輸入“dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetFX3 /Source:C:/sources/sxs”命令提示符?! indows 8.1核心版安裝密鑰: 334NH-RXG76-64THK-C7CKG-D3VPT  Windows 8.1專業(yè)版安裝密鑰: XHQ8N-C3MCJ-RQXB6-WCHYG-C9WKB  Windows 8.1 Pro WMC安裝密鑰: GBFNG-2X3TC-8R27F-RMKYB-JK7QT  Windows 8.1 Pro安裝密鑰: XHQ8N-C3MCJ-RQXB6-WCHYG-C9WKB  Windows 8.1預(yù)覽版 產(chǎn)品密鑰(32位和64位通用):  7XVDN-V72B4-HPP7Q-K442M-TXTF4  NTTX3-RV7VB-T7X7F-WQYYY-9Y92F  Windows 8.1激活密鑰:  Windows8.1預(yù)覽版官方免費(fèi)激活碼:NTTX3-RV7VB-T7X7F-WQYYY-9Y92F?。ㄈ蛲ㄓ茫 indows 8.1直接聯(lián)網(wǎng)激活:  KW3QN-KFYWP-3KTGY-W678X-RM2KV  9DDD3-84PXF-QNPXF-3PV8Q-G8XWD  HV8NK-MCCM2-J7CDF-B46H7-46V3H  Windows8/8.1 專業(yè)版零售密鑰:  slmgr.vbs -ipk NQC2J-HCVC6-Y6DM4-DWJX3-2WD2Y  slmgr.vbs -ipk NB78R-2KTRP-MY37P-WTJK2-J426M  Windows 8.1 Core Retail Key:  slmgr.vbs -ipk 27CKQ-6JNDK-FKCJV-97FCG-GMQG3  Windows8.1 專業(yè)版/企業(yè)版 MAK密鑰:  slmgr.vbs -ipk XYPFR-PNKG2-FH4CT-6YDCG-Y97QQ  slmgr.vbs -ipk FKW6N-GDW6B-BXK2W-VW2MY-RCYDQ  slmgr.vbs -ipk DMNH2-7MXG8-F8RD3-D4C4F-9WY93  slmgr.vbs -ipk MPN6V-8KD8C-WKQ4F-B4C7B-MY33Q  Windows8.1 專業(yè)版 WMC(媒體中心)零售密鑰:  slmgr.vbs -ipk MGVGB-BPKTY-HNG8T-KFWYY-6VGB3  slmgr.vbs -ipk MTRM6-BP9YW-RNDW4-GKJRK-8QG8D  slmgr.vbs -ipk JBMB3-BRVWQ-CKCN9-T6HPP-KWXWD  slmgr.vbs -ipk KQ8Q4-W7FNF-X7CFQ-XPFQC-XTJY3  Windows 8/Windows 8.1專業(yè)版密鑰  2TPRN-B4BYT-JWGC8-YR4C7-46V3H  4JNVH-HHD8C-9R327-YQ82V-BDR9V  4NX96-C2K6G-XFD2G-9X4P9-4JMQH  4NY9C-Q2VW8-84VH3-YPMDY-FF9T7  68HD9-XN2TY-KV4WW-BQFKC-W2KT7  6DQ86-MNG2R-B8TVR-8QRQM-3GJXV  6P3RV-NKC86-WKBPP-MRDHT-WW8XV  6XDQ4-BN684-F4WXC-92RQX-RM2KV  776F3-NMPJV-B3XQJ-86YC7-KHF9V  7BCX7-KN4HD-4QF3T-KR4P6-TJCKV  7DNHG-MJPT4-CJRJG-MRKGM-KD4DH  86RCN-VFHTV-79R2X-KCRR7-7QR9V  8B3N2-GWPXP-3VFP2-VX69Q-QRPKV  9BBKW-FN3PW-MC8FB-6JT3W-YPWXV  9FN3V-HDGGV-7F8K6-FVT9H-QPBQH  BG33D-RWNDC-32H69-287X6-QYFDH  BJXKR-2KNCP-837CD-7GCH3-8K49V  BKBGN-M2HWH-3MRQ6-WTJ9X-KP73H  BP4FX-DNGD9-P3FMR-PYR6Q-T6JXV  C37NF-QYM6Y-BVFCR-WMXGV-QPBQH  CGWVF-N3VMK-CVG7W-MBB9Y-MY2KV  D46QW-N3M4H-RY93J-DPMPY-43G67  D66NY-H99YQ-9MPFY-G2YF3-973G7  DJD4R-TQNCX-B6HY8-J2KDC-3YFDH  FP77X-3JNDF-PKQXG-WJJ3M-MY2KV  FWW2V-Y6NQG-YKB4Q-CJVCF-PPKT7  FX2FN-VVPY7-M7QG7-XG7X4-X2BQH  FXGQV-KCNRD-D7MW7-GWMKQ-KKT67  GMN9C-CYHR9-2YFHR-B7VQ8-6MQG7  H2H8R-NMCYW-78DHD-VPYTG-MKH3H  H3RQN-Y8GTV-3RDY9-BRYTV-YY2KV  HB3K3-NM6YM-FFM22-BMHXF-9WXT7  HDTN3-6TDBJ-7GMC8-4KHJQ-6273H  HFNTJ-GHCXX-W69RB-XWF6J-WB2KV  HV8NK-MCCM2-J7CDF-B46H7-46V3H  J4N6G-WB9KM-WHC3V-Q4KX2-8W8XV  JC2BC-NQXKF-W8M7G-H7DRR-3C73H  JCDXN-2Q4FQ-G44BQ-GHGBK-H49T7  JKMQJ-FN82K-WTDBD-WF2QP-VFPKV  JQNPV-GJ2GH-9MYHX-RTVDV-XD4DH  K42R4-7RN34-992JQ-YBQWT-GMQG7  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    3. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)接nex

    邏輯思維是人們?cè)谡J(rèn)識(shí)事物的過(guò)程中,借助于概念、判斷、推理等思維形式來(lái)反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的理性認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程?;镜倪壿嬎季S方法包括:抽象與概括、分析與綜合,歸納與演繹,對(duì)比,原因與結(jié)果。

    定義

    邏輯思維的定義是:“是人的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段,人運(yùn)用概念、判斷、推理等思維類型反映事物本質(zhì)與規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程。”通俗點(diǎn)說(shuō),邏輯思維是建立在因果關(guān)系之上的,反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的思維方式。

    邏輯思維具有規(guī)范、嚴(yán)密、確定和可重復(fù)的特點(diǎn)。

    方法

    分析和綜合

    分析指的是,把事物分解為各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性,分別加以研究,分析是認(rèn)識(shí)事物整體的必要階段。

    綜合則是把事物各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性按內(nèi)在聯(lián)系有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一為整體,以掌握事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。

    分析和綜合是互相滲透和轉(zhuǎn)化的,在分析基礎(chǔ)上綜合,在綜合指導(dǎo)下分析,分析與綜合,循環(huán)往復(fù),推動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)的深化和發(fā)展。

    例如:證明兩線段相等

    綜合法思路:已知條件→三角形全等或平行四邊形→對(duì)應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等)。

    分析法思路:對(duì)應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等)→三角形全等或平行四邊形→已知條件。

    歸納和演繹

    歸納和演繹是認(rèn)知事物和思考的邏輯法則。

    簡(jiǎn)單通俗來(lái)說(shuō):歸納就是把具備某種相同屬性的事物,一一列舉出來(lái),然后尋找共通點(diǎn)。

    演繹法

    演繹就是把互相之間形成影響的因素,按照事物因果順序、時(shí)間先后順序,重要程度順序排列出來(lái),再尋找突破口。

    太極生兩儀,兩儀生四象,四象生八卦,這是演繹(由太極開(kāi)始,向后遞推的順序)。

    演繹推理的主要形式是“三段論”,由大前提、小前提、結(jié)論三部分組成。

    大前提是已知的一般原理;

    小前提是研究的特殊場(chǎng)合;

    結(jié)論是將特殊場(chǎng)合歸到一般原理之下得出的新知識(shí)。例如:

    大前提:鳥(niǎo)都會(huì)飛;小前提:我是鳥(niǎo);結(jié)論:所以我會(huì)飛。

    歸納法

    龍生龍,鳳生鳳,老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞,這是歸納(龍,風(fēng),老鼠各為一類)。分析若干不同事物(思想、事件、事實(shí))的主要特點(diǎn),找出其中的共性、共同點(diǎn),然后將其歸類到同一個(gè)組中,并說(shuō)明其共性。

    抽象與概括

    抽象

    抽象是對(duì)同類事物中抽取出共同的、本質(zhì)性的特征,舍棄其非本質(zhì)的屬性或特征的思維過(guò)程。

    概括

    概括指的是人腦在比較和抽象的基礎(chǔ)上,把抽象出來(lái)的事物的共同本質(zhì)特征綜合起來(lái),并推廣到同類事物上的思維過(guò)程。

    總結(jié)

    抽象的過(guò)程往往是從多到一的過(guò)程,最后呈現(xiàn)的形式也是以“關(guān)鍵詞”的方式,突出本質(zhì)屬性。而概括的過(guò)程最后呈現(xiàn)的都是一句完整表述本質(zhì)屬性的句子。

    練習(xí)

    1、認(rèn)識(shí)到“鳥(niǎo)是一種有羽毛的,無(wú)齒有喙前肢為翼的動(dòng)物”這是思維的( )過(guò)程。

    A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

    解析:C。該題綜合呈現(xiàn)了鳥(niǎo)的所有本質(zhì)的屬性,因此屬于概括過(guò)程。

    2、對(duì)烏鴉、企鵝、麻雀、鴕鳥(niǎo)等進(jìn)行分析比較后,得出“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無(wú)齒有喙”是共同本質(zhì)的屬性,“飛”是非本質(zhì)屬性。這是思維的( )過(guò)程。

    A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

    解析:B。該題從多個(gè)事物中,抽取出了鳥(niǎo)的本質(zhì)屬性是“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無(wú)齒有喙”,找到了鳥(niǎo)的特征。屬于抽象的過(guò)程。

    4. 分類和比較

    分類

    是指根據(jù)事物的共同性與差異性,把事物分類。具有相同屬性的事物歸入一類。具有不同屬性的事物歸入不同類。

    比較

    比較就是比較兩個(gè)或兩類事物的共同點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn),通過(guò)比較就能更好地認(rèn)識(shí)事物的本質(zhì)。

    除了上述的邏輯思考方法,比較常見(jiàn)的還有對(duì)比(求同、存異)和因果兩種,相對(duì)比較容易理解。邏輯性強(qiáng)的人,善于解構(gòu)任務(wù),化繁為簡(jiǎn),剔除無(wú)用信息, 能用更短的時(shí)間解決更多的事情。所以,我們要利用方式和方法鍛煉和提高邏輯思維。

    提高邏輯思維

    “PREP+A”的邏輯

    P(Point,觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)),R(Reason,原因/理由/根據(jù)),E(Example,實(shí)例/例證),P(Point),A(Action,行動(dòng))。

    在正式的談話、講演、文案中,一般可以遵循下面的邏輯/步驟:

    P:首先,簡(jiǎn)潔明了的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)/主張,也就是你在說(shuō)什么、你想要表達(dá)什么。

    R:其次,說(shuō)出支持你結(jié)論的“依據(jù)”,也就是回答 你憑什么這樣認(rèn)為,是基于哪種事實(shí)和解釋?

    E:再者,用實(shí)際的例證(資料、數(shù)據(jù)、個(gè)人例子等)來(lái)提高你結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)的說(shuō)服力。

    P:最后重復(fù)結(jié)論,確保自己想傳達(dá)的信息,已確實(shí)傳遞。

    A:行動(dòng)就是你希望對(duì)方怎么做(根據(jù)實(shí)際需要,一把可以省略)。

    小結(jié):簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)講,這個(gè)模式就是先從結(jié)論說(shuō)起,再說(shuō)明得出結(jié)論的理由及根據(jù),然后舉出具體事例佐證,最后再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)一次結(jié)論 。

    掌握思維框架

    如何去設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)框架,這個(gè)方法來(lái)自元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí),這些元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)如下:

    工作記憶、長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶、組塊、提取、存儲(chǔ)、必要難度、間隔效應(yīng)、表征、初級(jí)表征、次級(jí)表征、心理表征、記憶、線索、遺忘曲線、圖式、模式、聯(lián)系、刻意練習(xí)、自我生成、詳細(xì)闡述、分散練習(xí)、框架法。

    舉一個(gè)例子來(lái)區(qū)分一下,工作記憶與長(zhǎng)時(shí)記,比如記住一個(gè)姓名:【xxx],默默5遍后可以記住這個(gè)名字,只不過(guò)這個(gè)姓名是在工作記憶里邊。工作記憶不能被長(zhǎng)時(shí)的保存,是一種臨時(shí)的記憶。此時(shí),從大腦里提取這個(gè)姓名,就是從工作記憶中直接提取出來(lái)。

    隔了一會(huì)兒,再去提取“剛才記住在工作記憶”的姓名,再也提取不出來(lái)了。工作記憶,早已被新的內(nèi)容刷空,如果“長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶”里邊有記住這個(gè)姓名,我們就能從長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶里邊把這個(gè)姓名提取到工作記憶。可惜的是,遺憾的是,長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶里邊沒(méi)有塑造出這個(gè)記憶。或者說(shuō)長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶雖然保存了這個(gè)記憶,卻提取不出來(lái)。

    現(xiàn)在要利用元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)來(lái)建立一個(gè)邏輯思維的框架,這個(gè)邏輯思維的框架是針對(duì)邏輯學(xué)而言,這就涉及到邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)了。邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),個(gè)人提煉出來(lái)一些核心而又基礎(chǔ)的概念,如下:屬性、性質(zhì)屬性、關(guān)系屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、定義、劃分、判斷、假設(shè)Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、論證。

    比如:以詞語(yǔ)“人”作為切入點(diǎn),通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)“人”去銜接“屬性、本質(zhì)屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、劃分、判斷、推理、論證”。如何從一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)“人”貫通整個(gè)邏輯框架呢?

    人這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)的概念--->概念對(duì)應(yīng)外部世界的一類事物----->從一類事物之中“抽象、抽取”出屬性--->本質(zhì)屬性---->概念、內(nèi)涵、定義、外延、劃分---->判斷---->推理------>論證!

    這些基礎(chǔ)的概念之間是有聯(lián)系的,剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)邏輯學(xué)時(shí),這些基礎(chǔ)的概念在自己的大腦里是碎片化的、是分立的,是沒(méi)法被聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

    東一處、西一處、南一處、北一處,各個(gè)概念之間缺乏聯(lián)系,對(duì)邏輯學(xué)的認(rèn)知就是以一些碎片的認(rèn)知,不能拼成一個(gè)框架,缺乏一個(gè)框架把各個(gè)概念聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

    經(jīng)典的模型

    有人說(shuō)“思維模型是你大腦中用于做決策的工具箱,你擁有的工具越多,你就能夠做出正確的決策”,所以大家可以多學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)典思維模型,幫助自己做出正確的決策。

    自我提問(wèn)練習(xí)

    在日常生活中,無(wú)論是看到、聽(tīng)到或讀到一些關(guān)于重要信息或者讓你有觸動(dòng)的信息時(shí),都可以通過(guò)一些刻意的自我提問(wèn)來(lái)鍛煉自己的思維。比如讀到一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí),就可以這樣問(wèn)自己:作者為什么會(huì)從這個(gè)角度切入?作者是如何形成這個(gè)結(jié)論?這個(gè)結(jié)論有什么缺點(diǎn)?如果我來(lái)寫如何可以更好?

    寫作練習(xí)

    可以每天拿一張紙,就寫一個(gè)問(wèn)題,然后我們?cè)儆脴?shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維,來(lái)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析。用不同的角度,不同的視野,看看是否有新的想法,把這些東西再整理起來(lái),先不要思考太多,想到一個(gè)問(wèn)題就直接寫。不能拖延。我們只要追尋自己原始的感受,不用想得很復(fù)雜,想到什么就直接寫什么,別猶豫不決。培養(yǎng)這種樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維,最忌諱的就是,原地兜圈子,因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)做無(wú)用功。

    做結(jié)構(gòu)筆記

    結(jié)構(gòu)式筆記主要是指:用思維導(dǎo)圖搭建全書的框架架構(gòu)。 將全書的內(nèi)容濃縮在這一張圖里,有利于我們迅速抓住重點(diǎn),在日常思維導(dǎo)圖的制作過(guò)程中,可以利用工具:XMIND,如果你有輸出的需求,可以購(gòu)買一個(gè)會(huì)員,如果只是想自己做完保存,也可以不購(gòu)買會(huì)員。

    使用思維導(dǎo)圖

    思維導(dǎo)圖就是一種工具,可以利用有效圖形來(lái)協(xié)助我們的思維表達(dá)的實(shí)用性工具,可以幫助我們發(fā)散思維,理清思路。當(dāng)接到一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí),先要做的不應(yīng)該是立馬執(zhí)行,而是先思考。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候如果不思考,就會(huì)弄不清楚方向,就會(huì)挖掘不出甲方的真實(shí)需求。這時(shí)候我們就要打開(kāi)思維導(dǎo)圖,開(kāi)始邏輯的分散性思考。

    常見(jiàn)好用的思維導(dǎo)圖工具有很多,比如:

    億圖腦圖MindMaster:強(qiáng)烈推薦,簡(jiǎn)單好用高顏值,模板社區(qū)10W+模板內(nèi)容;

    MindManager:推薦,思維導(dǎo)圖老大哥,兼容Microsoft office,試用限制30天;

    幕布:較推薦,極簡(jiǎn)風(fēng)大綱筆記一鍵生成思維導(dǎo)圖,較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)更新維護(hù);

    xmind:推薦,商業(yè)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件,高顏值+做圖穩(wěn)定,但沒(méi)有提供在線版和云服務(wù);

    MindLine思維導(dǎo)圖:較推薦,輕量級(jí)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件,功能較簡(jiǎn)約但界面缺乏設(shè)計(jì)感。

    導(dǎo)圖的用法

    比如,一次會(huì)議可以分三個(gè)階段。

    第一個(gè)階段,大家暢所欲言,發(fā)散思維,用思維導(dǎo)圖把大家的想法用樹(shù)狀圖畫出來(lái)。

    第二個(gè)階段,評(píng)估想法。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同想法之間的聯(lián)系,而且把有聯(lián)系的想法用線條連接起來(lái)。

    第三個(gè)階段,集中思維,形成決議。把討論中淘汰的想法都刪除劃掉,剩下的想法,分出主次和執(zhí)行順序,整理好開(kāi)始執(zhí)行。

    個(gè)人的想法過(guò)程也一樣。

    實(shí)用主義的思維導(dǎo)圖一定是雜亂的,畫滿了各種連線、重點(diǎn)符號(hào)、劃掉符號(hào),就像草稿紙一樣。

    花哨的裝飾和美觀的外表未必實(shí)用,真正的武器身上一定傷痕累累。

    注意事項(xiàng):

    ① 清楚制圖目的

    做思維導(dǎo)圖之前,一定要弄清楚自己制圖的目的是什么?是為了自己梳理思路還是交付于別人傳播。如果是用于分享,就需要有一些設(shè)計(jì)思維。如果是幫助自己梳理思路,那么就不需要美觀度上花去過(guò)多的時(shí)間。

    ② 信息傳遞

    記住做思維導(dǎo)圖重要的是梳理思維,視覺(jué)傳達(dá)為輔助,幫助記憶,因此不能本末倒置,花過(guò)多的時(shí)間在視覺(jué)美化上面。

    ③ 語(yǔ)言要精煉

    一張思維導(dǎo)圖可以承載的信息畢竟有限,我們要學(xué)會(huì)深度理解信息、適當(dāng)加工,盡量用明確、精煉的語(yǔ)言去傳達(dá)。

    ④ 日常積累素材庫(kù)

    我們要在日常工作中不斷累積建立好自己的素材庫(kù),可以是圖標(biāo)庫(kù)、圖片庫(kù)、字體庫(kù)、配色庫(kù)、模型參考庫(kù)等等,這樣能夠有效提高自己的作圖效率。

    %3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維是人們?cè)谡J(rèn)識(shí)事物的過(guò)程中,借助于概念、判斷、推理等思維形式來(lái)反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的理性認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程。基本的邏輯思維方法包括:抽象與概括、分析與綜合,歸納與演繹,對(duì)比,原因與結(jié)果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8nV0CaP1gBioZNAl16viZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定義","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3y5Y9DAuSd8IZ8Fvnt9vth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維的定義是:“是人的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段,人運(yùn)用概念、判斷、推理等思維類型反映事物本質(zhì)與規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程?!蓖ㄋc(diǎn)說(shuō),邏輯思維是建立在因果關(guān)系之上的,反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的思維方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIyQQ2atDkdktdVjutJy2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維具有規(guī)范、嚴(yán)密、確定和可重復(fù)的特點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxGu8Q9BlXGtsd0QxOc4sNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定義","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c92b46c7d9594921bcc268149ecf7643","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeAoFyXgoG6Bw515YanTtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh0wO0uabhTxLEdzNIJSbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJdFf0JsxyUYdyRQXoBS1Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析指的是,把事物分解為各個(gè)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"部分、側(cè)面、屬性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",分別加以研究,分析是認(rèn)識(shí)事物整體的必要階段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzmk9qwIkOnnmgbiTUtkc0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"綜合則是把事物各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性按內(nèi)在聯(lián)系有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一為整體","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",以掌握事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn51iwDuIueTyVm0EZ0iSJXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合是互相滲透和轉(zhuǎn)化的,在分析基礎(chǔ)上綜合,在綜合指導(dǎo)下分析,分析與綜合,循環(huán)往復(fù),推動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)的深化和發(fā)展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHAb5qficN093Gybqwd2Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例如:證明兩線段相等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDmsQFeRsbnmxmBQqtkfihc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"綜合法思路:已知條件→三角形全等或平行四邊形→對(duì)應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJXBBK0PyEm8MRqMPLdTxqk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析法思路:對(duì)應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等)→三角形全等或平行四邊形→已知條件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYa57tfHUnnB3Gg04dduNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fd1d58e3478495198e90844f13d74fa","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnEXWCO5YkLSxnaXaJ67hhGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納和演繹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnechh7aC4gVd56HCONiwsTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納和演繹是認(rèn)知事物和思考的邏輯法則。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyFFM2ZjIIf96p8Jwq1Uqic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡(jiǎn)單通俗來(lái)說(shuō):歸納就是把具備某種相同屬性的事物,一一列舉出來(lái),然后尋找共通點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdVMJbpOF78vcB4djk2OUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"演繹法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6Y9qJn1rXmV38sd408vIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演繹就是把互相之間形成影響的因素,按照事物因果順序、時(shí)間先后順序,重要程度順序排列出來(lái),再尋找突破口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYByTG8gikZCJ5s7zBflvDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太極生兩儀,兩儀生四象,四象生八卦,這是演繹(由太極開(kāi)始,向后遞推的順序)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Av5bx0jZxkPxMY2t1B9zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演繹推理的主要形式是“三段論”,由大前提、小前提、結(jié)論三部分組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvcYMrtU8WJ3Gii34JDZgOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提是已知的一般原理;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgBTRyblmpSWqED4LK4tOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小前提是研究的特殊場(chǎng)合;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRJ80cikP22K9PJEY2hXPPk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)論是將特殊場(chǎng)合歸到一般原理之下得出的新知識(shí)。例如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG58cGbZJwgogooH7OD3zDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提:鳥(niǎo)都會(huì)飛;小前提:我是鳥(niǎo);結(jié)論:所以我會(huì)飛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnz5QDd3K6SAS8xeOS1SS4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJDVSVwyT8MOBeqQ0oG4t8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"龍生龍,鳳生鳳,老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞,這是歸納(龍,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"風(fēng)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",老鼠各為一類)。分析若干不同事物(思想、事件、事實(shí))的主要特點(diǎn),找出其中的共性、共同點(diǎn),然后將其歸類到同一個(gè)組中,并說(shuō)明其共性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ZnkoIC54y0eiDNQwpnbVf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douy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)過(guò)程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusEFnzvTE8Ynt0r1U5jOod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNHjHP3g3FZf0500OKKAw3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析:C。該題綜合呈現(xiàn)了鳥(niǎo)的所有本質(zhì)的屬性,因此屬于概括過(guò)程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTBomBI6YhTiBkU7Ufzooge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、對(duì)烏鴉、企鵝、麻雀、鴕鳥(niǎo)等進(jìn)行分析比較后,得出“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無(wú)齒有喙”是共同本質(zhì)的屬性,“飛”是非本質(zhì)屬性。這是思維的( )過(guò)程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2DIJAkup57ubfixgWf3PgP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnchjt2AzGcrsTxqnSEd78jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析:B。該題從多個(gè)事物中,抽取出了鳥(niǎo)的本質(zhì)屬性是“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無(wú)齒有喙”,找到了鳥(niǎo)的特征。屬于抽象的過(guò)程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMrrSi1RTckuNYd4RFaa8Tg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1bff7e3c704c1d9bd16bae5ee0920f","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnCB9oqyrs7QteqwnkzgyGFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 分類和比較","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX1Ai2smjzi1eZWtPDjBQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4x8zG45O2XwTEkgvZxarwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指根據(jù)事物的共同性與差異性,把事物分類。具有相同屬性的事物歸入一類。具有不同屬性的事物歸入不同類。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTJ1N81u7SUkMFjRuxoNhFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"比較","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBVmuXk9jDt1wkVZlnm9Myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比較就是比較兩個(gè)或兩類事物的共同點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn),通過(guò)比較就能更好地認(rèn)識(shí)事物的本質(zhì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSnlIjOIYger2onEF1wPVZw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"比較","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afe0f05e87e945728a2fd9027775086c","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcnpqmsHzoXGConSMYLAj6bof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上述的邏輯思考方法,比較常見(jiàn)的還有對(duì)比(求同、存異)和因果兩種,相對(duì)比較容易理解。邏輯性強(qiáng)的人,善于解構(gòu)任務(wù),化繁為簡(jiǎn),剔除無(wú)用信息, 能用更短的時(shí)間解決更多的事情。所以,我們要利用方式和方法鍛煉和提高邏輯思維。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnilJwnXtfeu7X6RVJy8PmVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高邏輯思維","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JJKCIb6NBCvOMfSjY6a6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的邏輯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD16lE1129JQ20Ta1wIl65e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P(Point,觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)),R(Reason,原因/理由/根據(jù)),E(Example,實(shí)例/例證),P(Point),A(Action,行動(dòng))。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvAmTG8DpOcMwi2obfIzWof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式的談話、講演、文案中,一般可以遵循下面的邏輯/步驟:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnapgdMQruFfSwnpsqbJmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P:首先,簡(jiǎn)潔明了的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)/主張,也就是你在說(shuō)什么、你想要表達(dá)什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZNJDJ6kFlXW0jy4ZlYGhOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R:其次,說(shuō)出支持你結(jié)論的“依據(jù)”,也就是回答 你憑什么這樣認(rèn)為,是基于哪種事實(shí)和解釋?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoNBY5PtzGTf8kJmDaRUAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E:再者,用實(shí)際的例證(資料、數(shù)據(jù)、個(gè)人例子等)來(lái)提高你結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)的說(shuō)服力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuuRS1kxXnPpPypxLzHQu8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P:最后重復(fù)結(jié)論,確保自己想傳達(dá)的信息,已確實(shí)傳遞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNGekacVndfNmQlBTlla77f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A:行動(dòng)就是你希望對(duì)方怎么做(根據(jù)實(shí)際需要,","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以省略)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzcXAug6BJuUzKaX4MyFM5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小結(jié):簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)講,這個(gè)模式就是先從結(jié)論說(shuō)起,再說(shuō)明得出結(jié)論的理由及根據(jù),然后舉出具體事例佐證,最后再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)一次結(jié)論 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98WiLvkPy1pvaKThDAK51f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的邏輯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ae685e68dcc4ae4a5eaf3075859a74f","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnXAnSTun4KMcpiOnWaaBIkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcXMwwpWfrCwCet1sorrQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何去設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)框架,這個(gè)方法來(lái)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"自元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí),這些元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQsoQtuiIIYkapgIJScj91f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作記憶、長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶、組塊、提取、存儲(chǔ)、必要難度、間隔效應(yīng)、表征、初級(jí)表征、次級(jí)表征、心理表征、記憶、線索、遺忘曲線、圖式、模式、聯(lián)系、刻意練習(xí)、自我生成、詳細(xì)闡述、分散練習(xí)、框架法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqrAiCfAeZ9gjyHpj30HZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舉一個(gè)例子來(lái)區(qū)分一下,工作記憶與長(zhǎng)時(shí)記,比如記住一個(gè)姓名:【xxx],默默5遍后可以記住這個(gè)名字,只不過(guò)這個(gè)姓名是在工作記憶里邊。工作記憶不能被長(zhǎng)時(shí)的保存,是一種臨時(shí)的記憶。此時(shí),從大腦里提取這個(gè)姓名,就是從工作記憶中直接提取出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbRpkyhKmcauP3Z0rCnYPWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔了一會(huì)兒,再去提取“剛才記住在工作記憶”的姓名,再也提取不出來(lái)了。工作記憶,早已被新的內(nèi)容刷空,如果“長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶”里邊有記住這個(gè)姓名,我們就能從長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶里邊把這個(gè)姓名提取到工作記憶??上У氖?,遺憾的是,長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶里邊沒(méi)有塑造出這個(gè)記憶?;蛘哒f(shuō)長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶雖然保存了這個(gè)記憶,卻提取不出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9BP6wtszUmTI2iHTU1aEqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQV9onLDvPYvw3JzboFvEzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ef07f423e004067b5167462d1e51730","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnLemivPNyz6MJsensxn6djg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"現(xiàn)在要利用元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)來(lái)建立一個(gè)邏輯思維的框架,這個(gè)邏輯思維的框架是針對(duì)邏輯學(xué)而言,這就涉及到邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)了。邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),個(gè)人提煉出來(lái)一些核心而又基礎(chǔ)的概念,如下:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"屬性、性質(zhì)屬性、關(guān)系屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、定義、劃分、判斷、假設(shè)Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、論證。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmVb2xHPWKBGjU1bSH8Oimh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如:以詞語(yǔ)“人”作為切入點(diǎn),通過(guò)詞語(yǔ)“人”去銜接“屬性、本質(zhì)屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、劃分、判斷、推理、論證”。如何從一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)“人”貫通整個(gè)邏輯框架呢?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN26r1LOVkPAfw1on9dPaoW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7688ed31af9e4809925df576e6aff1a5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwxhq95LmRmQAk9KRKt6msC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)的概念---\u003e概念對(duì)應(yīng)外部世界的一類事物-----\u003e從一類事物之中“抽象、抽取”出屬性---\u003e本質(zhì)屬性----\u003e概念、內(nèi)涵、定義、外延、劃分----\u003e判斷----\u003e推理------\u003e論證!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKvR98NYiUTO2HJJCMc6Jse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這些基礎(chǔ)的概念之間是有聯(lián)系的,剛開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)邏輯學(xué)時(shí),這些基礎(chǔ)的概念在自己的大腦里是碎片化的、是分立的,是沒(méi)法被聯(lián)系起來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfbNbYHgHzVgKQ5e6oFPHMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":234,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f4b74fc4d4c499ca2582e7532cf1853","width":307},"text":"","id":"doxcnKzRGnQj1hlEQH55Tk819le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"東一處、西一處、南一處、北一處,各個(gè)概念之間缺乏聯(lián)系,對(duì)邏輯學(xué)的認(rèn)知就是以一些碎片的認(rèn)知,不能拼成一個(gè)框架,缺乏一個(gè)框架把各個(gè)概念聯(lián)系起來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO5ImPmaE7aXbQOEkirLDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"經(jīng)典的模型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLijXnKd8OboQ88pmhbnQPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人說(shuō)“思維模型是你大腦中用于做決策的工具箱,你擁有的工具越多,你就能夠做出正確的決策”,所以大家可以多學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)典思維模型,幫助自己做出正確的決策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQFpfLKjRwSJrIMJwf3WMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"經(jīng)典的模型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6acdc4bca743bc9b0151ddaef91ff2","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn9EEvdqrw11HV27kkMUAa2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提問(wèn)練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucB2ZaBMsQSSRYvqWfsA6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中,無(wú)論是看到、聽(tīng)到或讀到一些關(guān)于重要信息或者讓你有觸動(dòng)的信息時(shí),都可以通過(guò)一些刻意的自我提問(wèn)來(lái)鍛煉自己的思維。比如讀到一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí),就可以這樣問(wèn)自己:作者為什么會(huì)從這個(gè)角度切入?作者是如何形成這個(gè)結(jié)論?這個(gè)結(jié)論有什么缺點(diǎn)?如果我來(lái)寫如何可以更好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i5YfGrJmeb97EtSiBdT2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提問(wèn)練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d3775f09de94d349f5362df97b72f99","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnkHVXG6UaBNrAADUe08ejJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫作練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntbKMqA3oOrkmxidZJGrDsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以每天拿一張紙,就寫一個(gè)問(wèn)題,然后我們?cè)儆脴?shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維,來(lái)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析。用不同的角度,不同的視野,看看是否有新的想法,把這些東西再整理起來(lái),先不要思考太多,想到一個(gè)問(wèn)題就直接寫。不能拖延。我們只要追尋自己原始的感受,不用想得很復(fù)雜,想到什么就直接寫什么,別猶豫不決。培養(yǎng)這種樹(shù)形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維,最忌諱的就是,原地兜圈子,因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)做無(wú)用功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnETW9ZnINMYM8iz8F1hc0cg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫作練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06ccc8935e4a4cebab04025089ad0926","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcn4x1Di0F9SBLXZtn2ucpxjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"做結(jié)構(gòu)筆記","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Q3KWFfcZFhxg0B04v9fqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)式筆記主要是指:用思維導(dǎo)圖搭建全書的框架架構(gòu)。 將全書的內(nèi)容濃縮在這一張圖里,有利于我們迅速抓住重點(diǎn),在日常思維導(dǎo)圖的制作過(guò)程中,可以利用工具:XMIND,如果你有輸出的需求,可以購(gòu)買一個(gè)會(huì)員,如果只是想自己做完保存,也可以不購(gòu)買會(huì)員。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY13UikzlaLiLuq2MwLC0Th"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"做結(jié)構(gòu)筆記","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7d2b5c55be94f36903550a17cdf10d0","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnnLjsAOqXdJ2ul9nFxSRXie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkOl7abl7o8zavwCaxWXLwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"思維導(dǎo)圖就是一種工具,可以利用有效圖形來(lái)協(xié)助我們的思維表達(dá)的實(shí)用性工具,可以幫助我們發(fā)散思維,理清思路。當(dāng)接到一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí),先要做的不應(yīng)該是立馬執(zhí)行,而是先思考。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候如果不思考,就會(huì)弄不清楚方向,就會(huì)挖掘不出甲方的真實(shí)需求。這時(shí)候我們就要打開(kāi)思維導(dǎo)圖,開(kāi)始邏輯的分散性思考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgqN16nFdbsEPIcV1FO6Jf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ad3578583bb46d5a91652a564a74cf3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcno8cbRZuiM4yWM0D9npf9xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)好用的思維導(dǎo)圖工具有很多,比如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHB8sU7KnfmlLKxaGzvH6Jg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":192,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2bfe472af354d1b8012784a7f72f932","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQH9cWtnzlFIrSRKczEoXM4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"億圖腦圖MindMaster:強(qiáng)烈推薦,簡(jiǎn)單好用高顏值,模板社區(qū)10W+模板內(nèi)容;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjWUPpn4bpEYmVSj2sOc4Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindManager:推薦,思維導(dǎo)圖老大哥,兼容Microsoft office,試用限制30天;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7qPmvwkig9o8D4te05jrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"幕布:較推薦,極簡(jiǎn)風(fēng)大綱筆記一鍵生成思維導(dǎo)圖,較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)更新維護(hù);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2jcR7TO6bAyMk4HIzkXjVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"xmind:推薦,商業(yè)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件,高顏值+做圖穩(wěn)定,但沒(méi)有提供在線版和云服務(wù);","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXbUBnSh0iggYRFX44cHzze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindLine思維導(dǎo)圖:較推薦,輕量級(jí)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件,功能較簡(jiǎn)約但界面缺乏設(shè)計(jì)感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzeEjinmWUElcchxzxq6Iad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"導(dǎo)圖的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvDf72mxIuvCE9YmOoS8ptn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如,一次會(huì)議可以分三個(gè)階段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5uOSbXnTGLrvlX7WeIGtfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一個(gè)階段,大家暢所欲言,發(fā)散思維,用思維導(dǎo)圖把大家的想法用樹(shù)狀圖畫出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndIIqITk6Z4TrwMuLiFEhCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二個(gè)階段,評(píng)估想法。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同想法之間的聯(lián)系,而且把有聯(lián)系的想法用線條連接起來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5VHDmIq5TiGwZSJ220Tllc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三個(gè)階段,集中思維,形成決議。把討論中淘汰的想法都刪除劃掉,剩下的想法,分出主次和執(zhí)行順序,整理好開(kāi)始執(zhí)行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBIap6d1hCscA8CVUPFG7Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"個(gè)人的想法過(guò)程也一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4c5In3BNlhHu4CrRL7qqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"實(shí)用主義的思維導(dǎo)圖一定是雜亂的,畫滿了各種連線、重點(diǎn)符號(hào)、劃掉符號(hào),就像草稿紙一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBbWqsOnPRNgLLrWEPonsAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花哨的裝飾和美觀的外表未必實(shí)用,真正的武器身上一定傷痕累累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXIkBDBoQmF3tAgxiwxKpGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"導(dǎo)圖的用法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfb24c12796c4319884fe62f92c73450","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnL6qaG5ecZuepwWezkPgpVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng):","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoFPWt9tp1go0UxurgtEBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"① 清楚制圖目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetRvWjVEw1w0qWOMtZR1Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做思維導(dǎo)圖之前,一定要弄清楚自己制圖的目的是什么?是為了自己梳理思路還是交付于別人傳播。如果是用于分享,就需要有一些設(shè)計(jì)思維。如果是幫助自己梳理思路,那么就不需要美觀度上花去過(guò)多的時(shí)間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYz787WLlgyYsDVExxQjCPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"② 信息傳遞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl9CZ4jznxh116m9ansCnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"記住做思維導(dǎo)圖重要的是梳理思維,視覺(jué)傳達(dá)為輔助,幫助記憶,因此不能本末倒置,花過(guò)多的時(shí)間在視覺(jué)美化上面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVvaIFicoAbGK9RGh9wvWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③ 語(yǔ)言要精煉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnylhnLbv667pX9ZlP8jrckg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一張思維導(dǎo)圖可以承載的信息畢竟有限,我們要學(xué)會(huì)深度理解信息、適當(dāng)加工,盡量用明確、精煉的語(yǔ)言去傳達(dá)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxNFq9G4uVgCeSWiIJXkkvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④ 日常積累素材庫(kù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6l0edyfh0JnTYeVf7agooc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們要在日常工作中不斷累積建立好自己的素材庫(kù),可以是圖標(biāo)庫(kù)、圖片庫(kù)、字體庫(kù)、配色庫(kù)、模型參考庫(kù)等等,這樣能夠有效提高自己的作圖效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2jY2aWeM176jZFEY1rtve"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

    4. 尼康鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)m43

    松下gh5相機(jī)不能用尼康的鏡頭,因?yàn)樗上耮h5相機(jī)是m43卡口,而尼康相機(jī)是f卡口和z卡口,松下gh5相機(jī)除了用自己的m43卡口鏡頭外,還可以用奧林巴斯m43卡口的鏡頭

    5. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)接e卡口

    C列 b4 b7 下拉 D列 b1 b4 下拉 E列 ="="&C1&"-"&D1 下拉 復(fù)制E列,選擇性粘貼-值。 完成

    6. b4鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)接

    我在復(fù)印機(jī)上實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)了,A4轉(zhuǎn)B4擴(kuò)大122%;A3轉(zhuǎn)A4和B4轉(zhuǎn)B5都是縮小70%;A3轉(zhuǎn)B4和A4轉(zhuǎn)B5都是縮小86%;B4轉(zhuǎn)A4縮小81%;B4轉(zhuǎn)A3和B5轉(zhuǎn)A4都是擴(kuò)大115%;A4轉(zhuǎn)A3擴(kuò)大141%。

    7. m43鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)接到aps—c

    輪虛化能力,4/3系統(tǒng)理論上不如全幅,也不如APS-C畫幅的單反. 不過(guò)在F2.0的光圈下,背景虛化也在可接受的范圍內(nèi).如果你對(duì)虛化有特別高的要求,那么可以看看N,C的相機(jī),比如后者可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)接環(huán)來(lái)使用其他卡口的好手動(dòng)頭,當(dāng)然,4/3系統(tǒng)也可以使用轉(zhuǎn)接環(huán). 奧林巴斯現(xiàn)在的入門機(jī)套頭是14-42,不是14-40,如果你對(duì)背景虛化情有獨(dú)鐘的話,不建議上E510,E510的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)不是在這方面.你上個(gè)450D+50/1.8II比e-510+14-40背景虛化好得多(當(dāng)然,前者是大光圈定焦頭).

     
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