1. 佳能fd501.8 sc
如果不考慮FD以前的卡口來說,佳能現(xiàn)在的主流鏡頭一共有三種卡口:
1、EF卡口鏡頭:通用性最好,能夠用于現(xiàn)今佳能的所有型號(hào)主流單反相機(jī)。而且目前絕大多數(shù)佳能鏡頭都使用EF卡口
2、EF-S卡口鏡頭:通用性稍差,專門為APS-C幅面(有人稱之半幅或殘幅)的數(shù)碼單反設(shè)計(jì),于2003年推出,只能用于APS-C幅面的數(shù)碼相機(jī),無法用于全幅相機(jī)
3、EF-M卡口鏡頭:通用性最差,專門為無反光板可換鏡頭的數(shù)碼相機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)(俗稱微單),于2012年推出,只能用于EOS-M系列相機(jī)
對(duì)于上述三種卡口的適應(yīng)性,可作以下概括:
1、EF卡口的相機(jī),對(duì)于鏡頭的通用性相對(duì)來說最差,只能使用EF卡口的鏡頭,但是目前絕大多數(shù)鏡頭,尤其高端鏡頭都是EF卡口的。這類相機(jī)大多數(shù)為全畫幅相機(jī),代表機(jī)型有1Ds系列、1DX、5D系列、6D;其次,1D系列雖非全幅(APS-H幅面),但亦必須用EF鏡頭;再次,佳能早期的APS-C幅機(jī)型(2003年之前),因EF-S卡口尚未問世,亦只能使用EF鏡頭,代表機(jī)型有D30、D60、10D
2、EF-S卡口的相機(jī),對(duì)于鏡頭的通用性很強(qiáng),除可以使用全部的EF鏡頭外,亦可以使用全部EF-S卡口的鏡頭,但無論在使用何種鏡頭,實(shí)際焦距均相當(dāng)于鏡頭焦距的1.6倍。這類相機(jī)均為2003年以后的APS-C幅面相機(jī),代表機(jī)型有:7D、70D、700D、1100D等絕大多數(shù)佳能在售的入門級(jí)相機(jī)
3、EF-M卡口的相機(jī),在某種意義上對(duì)于鏡頭的通用性是最強(qiáng)的,除了可以使用與之匹配的EF-M鏡頭外,也可以加裝轉(zhuǎn)接環(huán),使用全數(shù)EF和EF-S鏡頭,焦距轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)亦為1.6。目前只有佳能的無反相機(jī)使用(其實(shí)即微單,只是因?yàn)槲芜@個(gè)名稱被索尼注冊(cè)了,別家不能再用),代表機(jī)型:EOS-M以及EOS-M2
2. 佳能fd50 1.4
鏡頭類型 中遠(yuǎn)攝/遠(yuǎn)攝鏡頭
發(fā)布日期 1978-12
廠家推薦價(jià)格 176,000.00 (日元)
焦距 300mm
最大光圈 f/4
最小光圈 f/32
鏡頭結(jié)構(gòu) 7片/7組
光圈葉片 9片
最近對(duì)焦距離 300cm
最大放大倍率 0.11
濾鏡口徑 34mm
鏡頭卡口 Canon FD/FL/NEW FD
防抖 否
顏色 黑色
尺寸 85×208mm
重量 1235g
3. 佳能fd501.8sc前組怎么拆解
美的電飯煲每個(gè)型號(hào)拆開的方式不一樣,但大部分型號(hào)拆開的方式是直接下蓋往下一拉即可拆開,沒有按鈕
4. 佳能fd501.8照片圖片樣片
勵(lì)福叉車FD50是臺(tái)勵(lì)福系列叉車的5噸液力傳動(dòng)平衡重式國三柴油叉車,北京象力機(jī)械設(shè)備有限公司, 致力于提供全方位合理的物料搬運(yùn)解決方案,是北京地區(qū)叉車最大的供應(yīng)及服務(wù)商。北京象力成立于北京市通州區(qū),在豐臺(tái)、大興、朝陽、順義、昌平等區(qū)有分公司。公司作為臺(tái)勵(lì)福叉車、豐田叉車總代理商(注:臺(tái)勵(lì)福叉車、豐田叉車實(shí)行國際慣用的代理制營銷模式,工廠不對(duì)終端客戶銷售),得到了豐田臺(tái)勵(lì)福叉車工廠強(qiáng)有力的支持 。
臺(tái)勵(lì)福叉車是日本豐田叉車集團(tuán)在中國青島工廠的產(chǎn)品,制造設(shè)備與生產(chǎn)工藝由日本引進(jìn),產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量高、性能穩(wěn)定、性價(jià)比高,已達(dá)世界先進(jìn)水平。北京象力建立了完善的銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)和售后服務(wù)體系,能以**的反應(yīng)速度滿足用戶的各種需要。
公司始終恪守誠信的管理經(jīng)營理念,不斷強(qiáng)化質(zhì)量、服務(wù)、性價(jià)比三大優(yōu)勢(shì),致力于成為中國最大的叉車供應(yīng)與服務(wù)商,為全國人民提供安全耐用 、高性價(jià)比的全系列物料搬運(yùn)工具,暨**化的物料搬運(yùn)綜合解決方案引領(lǐng)物料搬運(yùn)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
5. 佳能Fd501.8鏡頭用多大的濾鏡
常見卡口的法蘭距
尼康F卡口:46.5mm
賓得、理光、鳳凰的PK卡口:45.5mm;
M42羅口:45.5mm;
康泰時(shí)雅西卡YC卡口:45.5mm
適馬SA卡口:45.5mm
瑪米亞卡口:45.5mm
美能達(dá)α:44.7mm
佳能EF:44mm
美能達(dá)、海鷗、珠江MC/MD:43.5mm
佳能FD:42.1mm
索尼NEX-5C:18mm
奧林巴斯OM卡口:46mm
R卡口:46.9mm
Praktica(柏卡/百佳)PB卡口:44.4mm
Konica(柯尼卡) AR卡口:40.5mm
6. 佳能fd50 1.4ssc
我們常說“字如其人”“見字如面”,可見寫一手好字的重要性。特別是在當(dāng)下,越來越多的考試采用答題卡,網(wǎng)上閱卷,字體的清楚、整潔、美觀成為取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的首要條件。因此,在小學(xué)階段練一手好字就顯得尤為必要。
寫字習(xí)慣
從孩子一年級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)寫字開始,掌握正確的寫字姿勢(shì),養(yǎng)成良好的寫字習(xí)慣,才有助于孩子的身體發(fā)育,視力保護(hù),同時(shí)這也是在為中高年級(jí)孩子較為輕松地提升寫字速度做準(zhǔn)備。
坐姿
孩子的坐姿是家長(zhǎng)最容易關(guān)注的點(diǎn),要求做到:頭正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能會(huì)被大家忽略,那就是雙腳自然平放在地上,全腳掌著地,雙腿分開約與肩同寬,此時(shí)孩子的整個(gè)坐姿才是穩(wěn)定的。
同時(shí)還要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身體距桌子一拳,眼睛離課本一尺(約33厘米),握筆手指離筆尖約一寸(約3.3厘米),不含胸駝背。
坐端正后,還可以提醒孩子將寫字的書本放在書桌正前方的中央,擺正后再來書寫,避免歪歪斜斜地?cái)[放。
在孩子學(xué)習(xí)寫字的初期,家長(zhǎng)可以利用兒歌、口訣多加督促提醒,幫助孩子有意識(shí)地養(yǎng)成良好的坐姿習(xí)慣。
握筆姿勢(shì)
握筆姿勢(shì)和坐姿要從小抓起。兒童肌肉的發(fā)育是不平衡的,做精細(xì)動(dòng)作的能力較差,握筆寫字是比較費(fèi)勁的。家長(zhǎng)要耐心指導(dǎo),幫助孩子掌握正確的握筆方法。
1、首先將大拇指和食指伸出
2、倆指輕合成圓環(huán)狀。
3、筆桿穿過圓環(huán),再由中指從下往上自然挺住,把筆桿固定在三角架中。
注意
1、筆桿放在拇指、食指和中指的三個(gè)指梢之間,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指應(yīng)較拇指低些。手指尖應(yīng)距筆尖約3厘米(約一寸)
2、筆桿與作業(yè)本保持六十度的傾斜,掌心虛圓,指關(guān)節(jié)略彎曲。筆桿勿靠于虎口處。
練字前準(zhǔn)備
選筆
練字一般分軟筆和硬筆兩種。顧名思義軟筆即如毛筆這樣的軟質(zhì)筆頭,而硬筆多指鉛筆、鋼筆、圓珠筆這類硬質(zhì)筆頭。我們大多數(shù)人只是希望平時(shí)能寫好字,因此可以直接從硬筆開始練習(xí),無需進(jìn)行毛筆書法練習(xí)。畢竟軟筆字的書寫方法與硬筆字還是有些不同的。
鉛筆在硬筆里筆頭相較更具韌性,能體現(xiàn)落筆的輕重,進(jìn)而更有利于字帖練字的基礎(chǔ)——控筆技巧的掌握。而鋼筆更能夠體現(xiàn)出書法的筆鋒,能做到頓筆、收筆的區(qū)別,使我們更容易掌握書法的技巧。
1、鉛筆
適合兒童和初學(xué)者,有助于表現(xiàn)筆畫粗細(xì),練出筆鋒。
2、中性筆
價(jià)廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的筆芯較適合用于練習(xí)。
3、鋼筆
最能表現(xiàn)筆畫的頓挫和書寫的節(jié)奏。但鋼筆的出水量比普通筆大,需選擇有一定厚度的紙張進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
選字帖
字帖大致分為凹槽字帖和描紅字帖兩種。先說結(jié)論,凹槽字帖是較不推薦的。因?yàn)橛冒疾圩痔氉郑覀冎灰P在字帖上跟著凹槽來回畫就行了,令你很難掌握基礎(chǔ)的控筆技巧,對(duì)練字的幫助就較為有限。而描紅字帖一般也不太推薦使用半透明紙張進(jìn)行描紅,因?yàn)檫@樣你沒法仔細(xì)觀察文字的結(jié)構(gòu)及筆法,我們更建議直接在字帖上描紅練習(xí)。
選字體
練字是一個(gè)需要耐心且需要掌握基礎(chǔ)的練習(xí),沒有捷徑可言。我們要先學(xué)會(huì)各個(gè)筆畫筆順的練習(xí),再進(jìn)行楷書練習(xí),最后才能選你喜歡的大師字帖進(jìn)行練習(xí)。因此,如果跳過基礎(chǔ)練習(xí),直接進(jìn)行大師字體臨摹,很可能練習(xí)多年也不得要領(lǐng),寫不出好字。
正式練字
每個(gè)年齡段的孩子有不同的寫字要求。
低年級(jí)
對(duì)于低年級(jí)的孩子來說,首要的要求是把字寫正確。課后的生字表中會(huì)出示要求會(huì)寫字的筆畫、筆順、部首等,書寫前需要認(rèn)真觀察,看清楚再下筆。剛開始寫時(shí),盡量仿照書中出示的楷體,一筆一畫模仿寫。
需要特別注意的有:
1、先看清楚筆順再動(dòng)筆寫,混亂的筆順后期很難糾正!
2、漢字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小適中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。
3、學(xué)會(huì)觀察字的結(jié)構(gòu),如上下結(jié)構(gòu)、左右結(jié)構(gòu)、半包圍結(jié)構(gòu)等,還要注意不同結(jié)構(gòu)的占格,如“你”字左窄右寬,“臥”字左寬右窄。
4、學(xué)會(huì)觀察重要筆畫。
一個(gè)字中最長(zhǎng)的筆畫及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最長(zhǎng)的橫是第六筆,寫在橫中線下,從左到右微微向上傾斜。
“目”“垂”這類字中“橫”較多,每橫之間的距離要基本相等。
左右結(jié)構(gòu)的字會(huì)出現(xiàn)“穿插避讓”,如“林”字左邊的“木”最后一筆要寫成“點(diǎn)”。
最后一筆為“捺”時(shí),如“八”“木”要特別注意下筆舒展,漸加力至捺腳重按筆出鋒,不能寫成“點(diǎn)”。
5、低年級(jí)時(shí)對(duì)孩子的要求應(yīng)該是把字寫正確、規(guī)范,而不是過于追求和字帖一樣的美觀,這樣過高的要求可能會(huì)打擊孩子寫字的積極性。如果想引導(dǎo)孩子練出起筆、頓筆、收筆,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中會(huì)對(duì)每個(gè)字的筆順、占格、筆畫位置等有較為詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo);也可以將楷體字放大,先引導(dǎo)孩子觀察筆畫的走向、特點(diǎn),再模仿練習(xí)。
中年級(jí)
在低年級(jí)把字寫正確的基礎(chǔ)上,中年級(jí)的孩子應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在練習(xí)把字寫端正。此時(shí),孩子手部的精細(xì)動(dòng)作得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,書寫更加熟練、自如,練字的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就可以是如何把一個(gè)字寫美觀,也就是更加注重練習(xí)起筆、行筆、頓筆、收筆等書寫要領(lǐng)。主要的方法還可以延續(xù)臨摹字帖,此時(shí)不建議給孩子用透明類的字帖,這樣的字帖紙張過于輕薄,不便于書寫;此外,離開了下面的“模子”,孩子對(duì)于漢字在田字格中的占位、書寫要領(lǐng)等可能印象并不深刻。
中年級(jí)孩子開始嘗試用鋼筆練字,由鉛筆到鋼筆的轉(zhuǎn)換,部分孩子可能不適應(yīng),而產(chǎn)生不愿換筆的現(xiàn)象。但其實(shí)一開始寫不好鋼筆字是正常的,正是因?yàn)槿绱?,才更體現(xiàn)出練字的必要性。此時(shí)要注意,不要以圓珠筆代替鋼筆,這樣寫字時(shí)可能更為整潔,但難以達(dá)到提升書寫能力的目的。
還有一點(diǎn)需要提醒的是,中年級(jí)是孩子錯(cuò)別字的高發(fā)期,此時(shí)用鋼筆書寫難免產(chǎn)生勾畫涂抹的情況,對(duì)于寫錯(cuò)的字,應(yīng)用規(guī)范的刪除符號(hào)“/”劃去,這樣才能保證書面整潔。
高年級(jí)
等孩子到高年級(jí),寫字的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就從“一個(gè)字”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤耙黄帧?,在寫好每個(gè)字的基礎(chǔ)上,注意字與字之間的間隔,行與行之間的空隙,追求整篇字的美觀。
還要有意識(shí)地提高寫字的速度,在保證字體規(guī)范、工整的前提下,盡可能快地書寫。這也是需要練習(xí)的,例如看要抄寫的內(nèi)容時(shí)看一句話,而不是每次只看一個(gè)詞或幾個(gè)字;書寫時(shí)不過于追求每個(gè)字的美觀;字體大小適中;保持正確的握筆姿勢(shì);平時(shí)加強(qiáng)識(shí)字寫字練習(xí)等。
練字步驟
控筆訓(xùn)練
從練字的角度,把控筆練習(xí)分為三個(gè)階段:
第一階段:協(xié)調(diào)力控筆訓(xùn)練。不管細(xì)節(jié),只找感覺,這是為了練習(xí)手腕、手指和筆之間的協(xié)調(diào)能力,糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)。
第二階段:精度控筆訓(xùn)練。按照線條軌跡和粗細(xì)變化進(jìn)行練習(xí),切實(shí)注意起止位置,全面提升大腦對(duì)手部動(dòng)作的控制能力,真正做到手筆合一。
第三階段:美感控筆訓(xùn)練。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點(diǎn),按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進(jìn)行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。
擴(kuò)展資料
首先,筆畫練習(xí)不具備糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)的能力。有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,從筆畫開始練字,我國少年兒童錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)問題一直居高不下,用力過大、寫字太慢、歪歪扭扭、寫字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎發(fā)育出現(xiàn)問題。
其次,筆畫練習(xí)不具備控筆元素所具有的線條軌跡和粗細(xì)變化,要做到手筆合一,對(duì)于初學(xué)練字者來說,這是難上加難,而具備這種細(xì)微筆畫的拿捏能力之后,練習(xí)筆畫就會(huì)變得水到渠成。一個(gè)控筆元素最多可以用在21個(gè)筆畫上邊,這也是練習(xí)控筆元素優(yōu)于直接練習(xí)筆畫的一個(gè)方面。
第三,美感訓(xùn)練是控筆元素具備而筆畫無力能及的又一特點(diǎn),經(jīng)過專門的美學(xué)訓(xùn)練,可以非常輕松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點(diǎn),按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進(jìn)行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。
基礎(chǔ)筆畫訓(xùn)練
運(yùn)筆的基本筆法:中鋒、側(cè)鋒、偏鋒、起筆、行筆、收筆、藏鋒、露鋒、提筆、按筆、疾筆、澀筆、轉(zhuǎn)與折。
美的線條當(dāng)是來龍去脈交待清楚、行筆流暢自如、輕重緩急得當(dāng),呈現(xiàn)出美的形態(tài)與神態(tài),充滿活力,或輕或重、或緩或急、或剛或柔,歸于自然。
中鋒
即指中鋒用筆。中鋒運(yùn)筆時(shí),筆尖時(shí)刻保持在線條的中心部位,落紙后,筆尖的方向和筆運(yùn)行的方向在一條直線上。中鋒行筆時(shí),筆尖在筆畫中間,兩邊的筆毫一齊用力,墨跡向兩邊滲透均勻,寫出來的筆畫厚實(shí)、凝練。中鋒在篆書、楷書、隸書中運(yùn)用的特別廣泛。
側(cè)鋒
側(cè)鋒又叫做偏鋒,與中鋒相對(duì)。側(cè)鋒用筆,筆入紙后,筆尖的方向與筆運(yùn)行的方向往往呈一個(gè)角度。如寫“橫”時(shí),順鋒豎入,向右下頓筆,此時(shí)筆尖朝左上方,當(dāng)我們向右稍拖帶時(shí),筆的運(yùn)行方向是朝右的,筆尖方向和運(yùn)筆方向就有一個(gè)夾角。側(cè)鋒寫出來的點(diǎn)畫,往往一側(cè)較厚實(shí),一側(cè)較單薄,這與側(cè)鋒是單側(cè)筆毫用力有關(guān)。
“中鋒取骨,側(cè)鋒取妍”,側(cè)鋒在行、草書中運(yùn)用的很廣。
起筆、行筆、收筆
行書的基本筆畫,在書寫時(shí)都有起筆、行筆、收筆三個(gè)過程。所謂起筆,就是書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時(shí)的下筆;行筆,就是書寫筆畫的中間運(yùn)筆;收筆,就是筆畫書寫結(jié)束時(shí)的用筆。如寫橫畫,左邊起筆,中為行筆,右為收筆,起筆有輕有重,行筆有快有慢,收筆有回有露。
提筆、按筆
鋼筆行書的用筆也很講究提按,以增強(qiáng)筆畫的粗細(xì)變化和輕重的節(jié)奏。所謂提筆,就是筆從紙面提起,筆尖觸紙力度小,筆畫要細(xì);所謂按筆,就是筆尖在紙上往下按,筆尖觸紙力度大,筆畫要粗一些。
翻筆、折筆
翻筆,一般是向上取逆勢(shì),上一筆接下一筆出現(xiàn)的鉤挑,如“古”字的橫,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻筆寫成的。折筆,一般是向下、向右取順勢(shì),如“口”字的橫折、"山"字的豎折,都是用折筆寫成的。不論翻筆、折筆,都要求用筆慢而用力。
風(fēng)格,指用鋒的深淺。
使轉(zhuǎn)和方圓
在書寫的過程中,隨點(diǎn)畫之勢(shì)運(yùn)筆,帶來了運(yùn)腕方向上的不斷變化。諸多的變化歸納起來,用“使轉(zhuǎn)”二字便能概括?!翱v橫牽制謂之使,鉤環(huán)盤紆謂之轉(zhuǎn)?!保ㄍ跫洝墩摃罚?。點(diǎn)畫的“遣送”為使,點(diǎn)畫的“交接變向”為轉(zhuǎn)。“使”皆實(shí),“轉(zhuǎn)”有虛,“轉(zhuǎn)”更難。轉(zhuǎn)筆作用很大,極須用意。它即是換筆,又是調(diào)筆,方法也需視情況而變。
寫字口訣
小小一點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)好,學(xué)會(huì)頓筆很重要;
橫要平,豎要直,撇有鋒,捺有腳;
提鉤要尖折有角,行筆輕快要記牢;
認(rèn)真練習(xí)功夫到,筆畫健美字才好。
18個(gè)基本筆畫運(yùn)筆示意圖
一、長(zhǎng)橫
二、豎畫
三、撇
四、點(diǎn)
五、臥鉤
六、豎撇
七、豎彎鉤
八、平捺
九、戈鉤
十、垂露豎
十一、捺
十二、豎折
十三、豎鉤
十四、提鉤
十五、撇點(diǎn)
十六、平撇
十七、橫撇
十八、橫折
偏旁部首訓(xùn)練
漢字的偏旁部首是指各種點(diǎn)畫的固定搭配,是漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)單位,是構(gòu)成漢字的基礎(chǔ),重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的頻率極高,具有極為普遍的代表性。它們?cè)跐h字中的形態(tài)基本固定,并具有一定的書寫規(guī)律,因此掌握偏旁部首的寫法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失為一條最為有效的捷徑,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)漢字結(jié)構(gòu)也是一條快捷之路。同時(shí),偏旁部首書寫的正確與否,直接關(guān)系到字形的美觀,所以在學(xué)習(xí)鋼筆書法的結(jié)構(gòu)前,有必要先掌握漢字各種偏旁部首的正確寫法。同時(shí),掌握好一個(gè)偏旁部首,即可舉一反三地運(yùn)用到其他很多字當(dāng)中去,可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。
漢字的偏旁部首常用的有82種,一般歸納為:字頭、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包圍五大類。
字頭
字底
左偏旁
右偏旁
包圍
認(rèn)識(shí)字形結(jié)構(gòu)
漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱特點(diǎn),主要是指漢字的字形結(jié)構(gòu)具有幾何學(xué)上的對(duì)稱意義,它的構(gòu)形筆畫或幾部件以某個(gè)線(面)為軸相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重疊),具有冗余信息或重復(fù)的視覺信息,因此而區(qū)別于其它非結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字。
根據(jù)對(duì)稱的種類及層次,結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字具體可細(xì)分為以下幾種情況:
1、上下部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如呂、昌等。
2、左右部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如比、林、非等。
3、內(nèi)外部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如回等。
4、部分部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如以中間部件為軸對(duì)稱:如辯、斑等;字形下部的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如麗、翁等;字形上部的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如叢、琶等;字形左邊的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如彬等,字形右邊的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如琳等。
5、部件多層重疊的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如、鑫等。
6、獨(dú)體字中的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如田、中等。 據(jù)作者初步統(tǒng)計(jì),在國家語言文字工作委員會(huì)漢字處編的《現(xiàn)代漢語通用字表》(北京:語文出版社,1989)收集的7000個(gè)通用的漢字中,上述各類結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的漢字達(dá)612個(gè),占通用漢字總數(shù)的8.74%。 其教學(xué)過程及步驟如下:
第一階段:形象地顯示自然界的對(duì)稱規(guī)律。 大自然中無處不存在著對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象。因此,可采用實(shí)物、圖片、幻燈以及錄象等各種形象的手段,讓學(xué)生了解大自然所表現(xiàn)的種種對(duì)稱性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、動(dòng)物中的對(duì)稱。然后讓學(xué)生到自已的周圍去找各種對(duì)稱的事物。如自己的身體,雙耳、雙眼、雙鼻孔、雙手、雙腳的對(duì)稱,從而使學(xué)生初步感知對(duì)稱的美,并遷移到漢字學(xué)形結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的感知中來。 第二階段:直觀地識(shí)別對(duì)稱的基本的獨(dú)體字 漢字的字形形象而多變,但大都具有結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的特點(diǎn)。教學(xué)時(shí),可采用直觀形象的圖畫讓學(xué)生體會(huì)漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的美。由幻燈或 CAI 展示實(shí)物或景象﹣展示古時(shí)的漢字﹣展示演變至今的對(duì)稱漢字﹣揭示其對(duì)稱的規(guī)律。如教左右對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,讓學(xué)生觀察雨點(diǎn)方向,繼而展示一個(gè)古時(shí)的“雨”字,最后展示演變至今的“雨”,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解從圖到字中發(fā)現(xiàn)四點(diǎn)的方向是一致的,而如果四點(diǎn)的方向不一,這個(gè)字的整體對(duì)稱美就不能表達(dá)出來。實(shí)際上,學(xué)生在觀察和描述中已感受到這種對(duì)稱美,只不過無法用“對(duì)稱”這個(gè)詞表達(dá)出來。有的上下左右都對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,還可以讓學(xué)生通過折折,剪一剪的方法來體會(huì)這種對(duì)稱的規(guī)律。把紙對(duì)折再對(duì)折,畫一個(gè)空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出這個(gè)字,把這個(gè)“口”字打開來,就是“田”字。 第三階段:分類地識(shí)別各種結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的合體字。
當(dāng)學(xué)生初步感知對(duì)稱這一概念,學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字后,可傳授各種適合這類對(duì)稱漢字的識(shí)字方法,歸類識(shí)別各種對(duì)稱的合體字,并逐步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立識(shí)別各類對(duì)稱漢字的能力。 ①字謎法 適用于上下、左右、內(nèi)外以及多層重疊對(duì)稱的合體字。學(xué)生對(duì)這類字很感興趣,可讓學(xué)生編字謎,師生互猜字謎來識(shí)別。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。 ②顏色標(biāo)注法 適用于部分部件對(duì)稱的漢字??捎貌噬酃P標(biāo)出合體中的對(duì)稱部分,如下部對(duì)稱的“翁”字中的“羽”,右邊對(duì)稱的“琳”字中的“林”等等,對(duì)于以中間部件為軸對(duì)稱的字,如班,可用色標(biāo)標(biāo)出其中間部分。 ③兒歌分解法 同樣適用于部分件對(duì)稱的漢字。如“叢”一一左右兩人走鋼絲。 另外,當(dāng)學(xué)生掌握了一定的識(shí)字方法后,還可鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生新創(chuàng)各種合適的方法來識(shí)別各種對(duì)稱的生字,激發(fā)學(xué)生字的興趣。
規(guī)范字書寫練習(xí)
購買適合自己的字貼進(jìn)行練習(xí)。
1、司馬彥 | 人教版課課練:字體規(guī)范、人教版教材適用(各年級(jí)都有) 。
2、金枝葉 | 小學(xué)生生字摹寫本人教版課本同步練字帖:描紅、臨帖結(jié)合 。
3、華夏萬卷 | 人教版課本同步寫字課字帖:內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)全面(各年級(jí)都有)。
4、墨點(diǎn) | 衡水體高中英語字帖:衡水體 。
5、學(xué)才 | 小學(xué)生英語單元同步詞匯:同步詞匯 。
6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷書練字帖:凹槽+臨摹。
7、金枝葉 | 兒童初學(xué)者凹槽練字帖:幼兒、凹槽。
適合的字帖
1、清晰
按照現(xiàn)在的印刷技術(shù),清晰是基本沒有問題的??汕逦袝r(shí)候是假的。有些出版商,為了讓字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的時(shí)候會(huì)將圖片深度銳化。
2、選擇高端版本
所謂的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次數(shù)多了,難免會(huì)有誤差。選擇字帖,應(yīng)該苛刻到“下真跡一等”或者盡可能靠近原作的那種。
3、選擇全彩色印刷
高清全彩色印刷的字帖盡管貴一些,但你能從中捕捉和發(fā)現(xiàn)很多信息。諸如原作用的什么紙張,墨色深淺如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出來線條疊加的痕跡,并能分析出來用筆速度、正確的用筆方法來。
4、復(fù)制品
復(fù)制品的概念,可不能簡(jiǎn)單理解成印刷品。復(fù)制品,其實(shí)就是按照原大、原色、原樣、原材質(zhì)復(fù)制的,它幾乎可以理解成真跡的克隆品。復(fù)制品的好處就是你幾乎是在面對(duì)真跡。線條的張力,墨色,紙張的顏色,氣息等等字帖所不能表現(xiàn)的因素,它都有。
5、字帖有標(biāo)明尺寸
這個(gè)尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才會(huì)判斷出來原作到底有多大,字有多大,線條有多粗,然后才會(huì)明白原作到底有多大的技術(shù)難度。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們常說“字如其人”“見字如面”,可見寫一手好字的重要性。特別是在當(dāng)下,越來越多的考試采用答題卡,網(wǎng)上閱卷,字體的清楚、整潔、美觀成為取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的首要條件。因此,在小學(xué)階段練一手好字就顯得尤為必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字習(xí)慣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從孩子一年級(jí)學(xué)習(xí)寫字開始,掌握正確的寫字姿勢(shì),養(yǎng)成良好的寫字習(xí)慣,才有助于孩子的身體發(fā)育,視力保護(hù),同時(shí)這也是在為中高年級(jí)孩子較為輕松地提升寫字速度做準(zhǔn)備。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家長(zhǎng)最容易關(guān)注的點(diǎn),要求做到:頭正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能會(huì)被大家忽略,那就是雙腳自然平放在地上,全腳掌著地,雙腿分開約與肩同寬,此時(shí)孩子的整個(gè)坐姿才是穩(wěn)定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時(shí)還要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身體距桌子一拳,眼睛離課本一尺(約33厘米),握筆手指離筆尖約一寸(約3.3厘米),不含胸駝背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后,還可以提醒孩子將寫字的書本放在書桌正前方的中央,擺正后再來書寫,避免歪歪斜斜地?cái)[放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子學(xué)習(xí)寫字的初期,家長(zhǎng)可以利用兒歌、口訣多加督促提醒,幫助孩子有意識(shí)地養(yǎng)成良好的坐姿習(xí)慣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},,"attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc4ee17a03c148cd881f3c5f5b6ebba9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢(shì)和坐姿要從小抓起。兒童肌肉的發(fā)育是不平衡的,做精細(xì)動(dòng)作的能力較差,握筆寫字是比較費(fèi)勁的。家長(zhǎng)要耐心指導(dǎo),幫助孩子掌握正確的握筆方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先將大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、倆指輕合成圓環(huán)狀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、筆桿穿過圓環(huán),再由中指從下往上自然挺住,把筆桿固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},,"attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆姿勢(shì)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cccc6635bd24beb88213ecdf1d71d22","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、筆桿放在拇指、食指和中指的三個(gè)指梢之間,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指應(yīng)較拇指低些。手指尖應(yīng)距筆尖約3厘米(約一寸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、筆桿與作業(yè)本保持六十度的傾斜,掌心虛圓,指關(guān)節(jié)略彎曲。筆桿勿靠于虎口處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字前準(zhǔn)備","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字一般分軟筆和硬筆兩種。顧名思義軟筆即如毛筆這樣的軟質(zhì)筆頭,而硬筆多指鉛筆、鋼筆、圓珠筆這類硬質(zhì)筆頭。我們大多數(shù)人只是希望平時(shí)能寫好字,因此可以直接從硬筆開始練習(xí),無需進(jìn)行毛筆書法練習(xí)。畢竟軟筆字的書寫方法與硬筆字還是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆在硬筆里筆頭相較更具韌性,能體現(xiàn)落筆的輕重,進(jìn)而更有利于字帖練字的基礎(chǔ)——控筆技巧的掌握。而鋼筆更能夠體現(xiàn)出書法的筆鋒,能做到頓筆、收筆的區(qū)別,使我們更容易掌握書法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、鉛筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合兒童和初學(xué)者,有助于表現(xiàn)筆畫粗細(xì),練出筆鋒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},,"attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8878a6068ba7421b994fbb4384d38a98","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"價(jià)廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的筆芯較適合用于練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},,"attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c18e26021a2408db3351aeda1686878","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鋼筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表現(xiàn)筆畫的頓挫和書寫的節(jié)奏。但鋼筆的出水量比普通筆大,需選擇有一定厚度的紙張進(jìn)行練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選筆","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75b334c36dcd4e59b0d16a93125773db","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分為凹槽字帖和描紅字帖兩種。先說結(jié)論,凹槽字帖是較不推薦的。因?yàn)橛冒疾圩痔氉郑覀冎灰P在字帖上跟著凹槽來回畫就行了,令你很難掌握基礎(chǔ)的控筆技巧,對(duì)練字的幫助就較為有限。而描紅字帖一般也不太推薦使用半透明紙張進(jìn)行描紅,因?yàn)檫@樣你沒法仔細(xì)觀察文字的結(jié)構(gòu)及筆法,我們更建議直接在字帖上描紅練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},,"attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaac5d8fff124dfb87a0c402e6bad2ac","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnqK4wgaqYa8iMq2bdEOYcVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選字體","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字是一個(gè)需要耐心且需要掌握基礎(chǔ)的練習(xí),沒有捷徑可言。我們要先學(xué)會(huì)各個(gè)筆畫筆順的練習(xí),再進(jìn)行楷書練習(xí),最后才能選你喜歡的大師字帖進(jìn)行練習(xí)。因此,如果跳過基礎(chǔ)練習(xí),直接進(jìn)行大師字體臨摹,很可能練習(xí)多年也不得要領(lǐng),寫不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},,"attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"選字體","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82b308e82a77415eb8034f2788329104","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式練字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每個(gè)年齡段的孩子有不同的寫字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"對(duì)于低年級(jí)的孩子來說,首要的要求是把字寫正確。課后的生字表中會(huì)出示要求會(huì)寫字的筆畫、筆順、部首等,書寫前需要認(rèn)真觀察,看清楚再下筆。剛開始寫時(shí),盡量仿照書中出示的楷體,一筆一畫模仿寫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特別注意的有:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先看清楚筆順再動(dòng)筆寫,混亂的筆順后期很難糾正!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、漢字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小適中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)會(huì)觀察字的結(jié)構(gòu),如上下結(jié)構(gòu)、左右結(jié)構(gòu)、半包圍結(jié)構(gòu)等,還要注意不同結(jié)構(gòu)的占格,如“你”字左窄右寬,“臥”字左寬右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYsy28MGmQS2A9BWpdig6"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4789bad2345f43f29c85c2de48ba4ad8","width":183},"text":"","id":"doxcnwcwKE2ISyOeWCkGI6yRLab"},,"attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c1fdd0ee3de4d1baddb715aac8c0c85","width":163},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4eAwAmm4iQem6SPYBeygd"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、學(xué)會(huì)觀察重要筆畫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoSQEmWEEU8IGa4KUeDDZlh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一個(gè)字中最長(zhǎng)的筆畫及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最長(zhǎng)的橫是第六筆,寫在橫中線下,從左到右微微向上傾斜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGWkw2CY2YUyc9kS9lkUcLC"},,"attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/930e3f2c15194a269763a3a91dde1ebd","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnmwwkSa4k060yYv8dHXEwkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“目”“垂”這類字中“橫”較多,每橫之間的距離要基本相等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwoU8ECKa4Am2yGFBQyeEy2"},,"attrs":{"height":264,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3d74b4263b8a4ea7a24d58add4de518e","width":330},"text":"","id":"doxcnqaiGcEeUsKocWYjWtioNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左右結(jié)構(gòu)的字會(huì)出現(xiàn)“穿插避讓”,如“林”字左邊的“木”最后一筆要寫成“點(diǎn)”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0gUgUEw6CMAq2zlMVc3Ke"},,"attrs":{"height":268,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4def94ef30a2460b89c2e1c431ea4aac","width":267},"text":"","id":"doxcncQae4QcqMawmwbVYEFtHQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后一筆為“捺”時(shí),如“八”“木”要特別注意下筆舒展,漸加力至捺腳重按筆出鋒,不能寫成“點(diǎn)”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSaSOkq0Sck20giJXqN4zg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ba75405bf254beaace0a6571dd56ec3","width":337},"text":"","id":"doxcnCQG2QQ82aauiYd6WZOpV70"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b6c758c8d91439f884f1c896129615d","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnu8wE0eOwEiEu2WnWdXJolB"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、低年級(jí)時(shí)對(duì)孩子的要求應(yīng)該是把字寫正確、規(guī)范,而不是過于追求和字帖一樣的美觀,這樣過高的要求可能會(huì)打擊孩子寫字的積極性。如果想引導(dǎo)孩子練出起筆、頓筆、收筆,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中會(huì)對(duì)每個(gè)字的筆順、占格、筆畫位置等有較為詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo);也可以將楷體字放大,先引導(dǎo)孩子觀察筆畫的走向、特點(diǎn),再模仿練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMIiICIAIsec6UFiSNXcl8g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年級(jí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnay8USSG0MUEQwv3u1opETd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在低年級(jí)把字寫正確的基礎(chǔ)上,中年級(jí)的孩子應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在練習(xí)把字寫端正。此時(shí),孩子手部的精細(xì)動(dòng)作得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,書寫更加熟練、自如,練字的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就可以是如何把一個(gè)字寫美觀,也就是更加注重練習(xí)起筆、行筆、頓筆、收筆等書寫要領(lǐng)。主要的方法還可以延續(xù)臨摹字帖,此時(shí)不建議給孩子用透明類的字帖,這樣的字帖紙張過于輕薄,不便于書寫;此外,離開了下面的“模子”,孩子對(duì)于漢字在田字格中的占位、書寫要領(lǐng)等可能印象并不深刻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngGc8U8cmwsiWMrFoDaob5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中年級(jí)孩子開始嘗試用鋼筆練字,由鉛筆到鋼筆的轉(zhuǎn)換,部分孩子可能不適應(yīng),而產(chǎn)生不愿換筆的現(xiàn)象。但其實(shí)一開始寫不好鋼筆字是正常的,正是因?yàn)槿绱?,才更體現(xiàn)出練字的必要性。此時(shí)要注意,不要以圓珠筆代替鋼筆,這樣寫字時(shí)可能更為整潔,但難以達(dá)到提升書寫能力的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoYsIEyiWEw8aYJxtOxP0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"還有一點(diǎn)需要提醒的是,中年級(jí)是孩子錯(cuò)別字的高發(fā)期,此時(shí)用鋼筆書寫難免產(chǎn)生勾畫涂抹的情況,對(duì)于寫錯(cuò)的字,應(yīng)用規(guī)范的刪除符號(hào)“/”劃去,這樣才能保證書面整潔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncoAImC0KogQgqOJph9p7gc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"高年級(jí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4SQIkoiSU4IUpo7iSu68e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"等孩子到高年級(jí),寫字的關(guān)注點(diǎn)就從“一個(gè)字”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?,"id":""},{"type":"text","text":"“一篇字”","id":""},{"type":"text","text":",在寫好每個(gè)字的基礎(chǔ)上,注意字與字之間的間隔,行與行之間的空隙,追求整篇字的美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKguAAMKU602YSF9hNTxFcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"還要有意識(shí)地提高寫字的速度,在保證字體規(guī)范、工整的前提下,盡可能快地書寫。這也是需要練習(xí)的,例如看要抄寫的內(nèi)容時(shí)看一句話,而不是每次只看一個(gè)詞或幾個(gè)字;書寫時(shí)不過于追求每個(gè)字的美觀;字體大小適中;保持正確的握筆姿勢(shì);平時(shí)加強(qiáng)識(shí)字寫字練習(xí)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnamWQuaGagUY0ghN11D4Vxb"},,"attrs":{"height":474,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"高年級(jí)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8635909b05543cbbe13507be3c5f6c0","width":356},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMGsmWmqKse647ZSlt9JXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練字步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weoyUkG8G4k0o7a4FKftc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"控筆訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUgqWC4ec02e4sNAebFOfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從練字的角度,把控筆練習(xí)分為三個(gè)階段:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCGM64YaYMOKegR8CkxUXpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段:協(xié)調(diào)力控筆訓(xùn)練。不管細(xì)節(jié),只找感覺,這是為了練習(xí)手腕、手指和筆之間的協(xié)調(diào)能力,糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScumSaSQc8I2cbLhMEjYS5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段:精度控筆訓(xùn)練。按照線條軌跡和粗細(xì)變化進(jìn)行練習(xí),切實(shí)注意起止位置,全面提升大腦對(duì)手部動(dòng)作的控制能力,真正做到手筆合一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykaieqqIm22kmMGcZ8TQ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三階段:美感控筆訓(xùn)練。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點(diǎn),按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進(jìn)行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"擴(kuò)展資料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,筆畫練習(xí)不具備糾正勾腕、攥拳等錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)的能力。有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,從筆畫開始練字,我國少年兒童錯(cuò)誤握筆姿勢(shì)問題一直居高不下,用力過大、寫字太慢、歪歪扭扭、寫字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎發(fā)育出現(xiàn)問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,筆畫練習(xí)不具備控筆元素所具有的線條軌跡和粗細(xì)變化,要做到手筆合一,對(duì)于初學(xué)練字者來說,這是難上加難,而具備這種細(xì)微筆畫的拿捏能力之后,練習(xí)筆畫就會(huì)變得水到渠成。一個(gè)控筆元素最多可以用在21個(gè)筆畫上邊,這也是練習(xí)控筆元素優(yōu)于直接練習(xí)筆畫的一個(gè)方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三,美感訓(xùn)練是控筆元素具備而筆畫無力能及的又一特點(diǎn),經(jīng)過專門的美學(xué)訓(xùn)練,可以非常輕松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黃金分割點(diǎn),按照黃金分割比例將筆畫、偏旁進(jìn)行排列,讓字寫得更美觀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基礎(chǔ)筆畫訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"運(yùn)筆的基本筆法:中鋒、側(cè)鋒、偏鋒、起筆、行筆、收筆、藏鋒、露鋒、提筆、按筆、疾筆、澀筆、轉(zhuǎn)與折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的線條當(dāng)是來龍去脈交待清楚、行筆流暢自如、輕重緩急得當(dāng),呈現(xiàn)出美的形態(tài)與神態(tài),充滿活力,或輕或重、或緩或急、或剛或柔,歸于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中鋒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中鋒用筆。中鋒運(yùn)筆時(shí),筆尖時(shí)刻保持在線條的中心部位,落紙后,筆尖的方向和筆運(yùn)行的方向在一條直線上。中鋒行筆時(shí),筆尖在筆畫中間,兩邊的筆毫一齊用力,墨跡向兩邊滲透均勻,寫出來的筆畫厚實(shí)、凝練。中鋒在篆書、楷書、隸書中運(yùn)用的特別廣泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)鋒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)鋒又叫做偏鋒,與中鋒相對(duì)。側(cè)鋒用筆,筆入紙后,筆尖的方向與筆運(yùn)行的方向往往呈一個(gè)角度。如寫“橫”時(shí),順鋒豎入,向右下頓筆,此時(shí)筆尖朝左上方,當(dāng)我們向右稍拖帶時(shí),筆的運(yùn)行方向是朝右的,筆尖方向和運(yùn)筆方向就有一個(gè)夾角。側(cè)鋒寫出來的點(diǎn)畫,往往一側(cè)較厚實(shí),一側(cè)較單薄,這與側(cè)鋒是單側(cè)筆毫用力有關(guān)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中鋒取骨,側(cè)鋒取妍”,側(cè)鋒在行、草書中運(yùn)用的很廣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起筆、行筆、收筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行書的基本筆畫,在書寫時(shí)都有起筆、行筆、收筆三個(gè)過程。所謂起筆,就是書寫筆畫筆尖觸紙時(shí)的下筆;行筆,就是書寫筆畫的中間運(yùn)筆;收筆,就是筆畫書寫結(jié)束時(shí)的用筆。如寫橫畫,左邊起筆,中為行筆,右為收筆,起筆有輕有重,行筆有快有慢,收筆有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提筆、按筆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鋼筆行書的用筆也很講究提按,以增強(qiáng)筆畫的粗細(xì)變化和輕重的節(jié)奏。所謂提筆,就是筆從紙面提起,筆尖觸紙力度小,筆畫要細(xì);所謂按筆,就是筆尖在紙上往下按,筆尖觸紙力度大,筆畫要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆、折筆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻筆,一般是向上取逆勢(shì),上一筆接下一筆出現(xiàn)的鉤挑,如“古”字的橫,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻筆寫成的。折筆,一般是向下、向右取順勢(shì),如“口”字的橫折、"山"字的豎折,都是用折筆寫成的。不論翻筆、折筆,都要求用筆慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"風(fēng)格,指用鋒的深淺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使轉(zhuǎn)和方圓 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在書寫的過程中,隨點(diǎn)畫之勢(shì)運(yùn)筆,帶來了運(yùn)腕方向上的不斷變化。諸多的變化歸納起來,用“使轉(zhuǎn)”二字便能概括。“縱橫牽制謂之使,鉤環(huán)盤紆謂之轉(zhuǎn)?!保ㄍ跫洝墩摃罚|c(diǎn)畫的“遣送”為使,點(diǎn)畫的“交接變向”為轉(zhuǎn)?!笆埂苯詫?shí),“轉(zhuǎn)”有虛,“轉(zhuǎn)”更難。轉(zhuǎn)筆作用很大,極須用意。它即是換筆,又是調(diào)筆,方法也需視情況而變。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)好,學(xué)會(huì)頓筆很重要;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橫要平,豎要直,撇有鋒,捺有腳;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提鉤要尖折有角,行筆輕快要記牢;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)真練習(xí)功夫到,筆畫健美字才好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18個(gè)基本筆畫運(yùn)筆示意圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、長(zhǎng)橫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},,"attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1301e04c2c7b408b8cfe79022a135d81","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、豎畫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},,"attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67daba4642b24754a13cf64f332513cd","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},,"attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b982074a1b164deabd2ec0641599cad8","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、點(diǎn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},,"attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6631faa70f8444088a32d9c1f7f6077","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、臥鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},,"attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ac67bc4bdd848d7a9022ad427ece999","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、豎撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},,"attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/638e5a8847604911a061cda45d25eeae","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、豎彎鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},,"attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33a0e92bea4c4d8d9543d5189f2dde03","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},,"attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c631dea5bef6406a96853c4d0f990478","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈鉤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},,"attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f098d10f52024cfa9afbc9f5ca5cd11a","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露豎","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a86b90008ea46588a9940f860ffb6ba","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},,"attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寫字口訣","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a4f44fb8d824fb1be8098b0d57710b2","width":592},"text":"","id":"doxcn8wS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字頭","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},,"attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字頭","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77a411f6d0d84a1d8fad7491946490db","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},,"attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3c497495b164986a603e8a321001995","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},,"attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56902cb861b449cb1fc3acfb59c4496","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},,"attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/218ecef231784b44b4afdb3cd8c56bab","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包圍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},,"attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包圍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7316d411cdca4a36b9eb401c840341e4","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識(shí)字形結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱特點(diǎn),主要是指漢字的字形結(jié)構(gòu)具有幾何學(xué)上的對(duì)稱意義,它的構(gòu)形筆畫或幾部件以某個(gè)線(面)為軸相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重疊),具有冗余信息或重復(fù)的視覺信息,因此而區(qū)別于其它非結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根據(jù)對(duì)稱的種類及層次,結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱漢字具體可細(xì)分為以下幾種情況:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上下部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如呂、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左右部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、內(nèi)外部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、部分部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如以中間部件為軸對(duì)稱:如辯、斑等;字形下部的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如麗、翁等;字形上部的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如叢、琶等;字形左邊的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如彬等,字形右邊的部件結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、部件多層重疊的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、獨(dú)體字中的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱:如田、中等。\\n據(jù)作者初步統(tǒng)計(jì),在國家語言文字工作委員會(huì)漢字處編的《現(xiàn)代漢語通用字表》(北京:語文出版社,1989)收集的7000個(gè)通用的漢字中,上述各類結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的漢字達(dá)612個(gè),占通用漢字總數(shù)的8.74%。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教學(xué)過程及步驟如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段:形象地顯示自然界的對(duì)稱規(guī)律。\\n大自然中無處不存在著對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象。因此,可采用實(shí)物、圖片、幻燈以及錄象等各種形象的手段,讓學(xué)生了解大自然所表現(xiàn)的種種對(duì)稱性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、動(dòng)物中的對(duì)稱。然后讓學(xué)生到自已的周圍去找各種對(duì)稱的事物。如自己的身體,雙耳、雙眼、雙鼻孔、雙手、雙腳的對(duì)稱,從而使學(xué)生初步感知對(duì)稱的美,并遷移到漢字學(xué)形結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的感知中來。\\n第二階段:直觀地識(shí)別對(duì)稱的基本的獨(dú)體字\\n漢字的字形形象而多變,但大都具有結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的特點(diǎn)。教學(xué)時(shí),可采用直觀形象的圖畫讓學(xué)生體會(huì)漢字的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的美。由幻燈或 CAI 展示實(shí)物或景象﹣展示古時(shí)的漢字﹣展示演變至今的對(duì)稱漢字﹣揭示其對(duì)稱的規(guī)律。如教左右對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,讓學(xué)生觀察雨點(diǎn)方向,繼而展示一個(gè)古時(shí)的“雨”字,最后展示演變至今的“雨”,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解從圖到字中發(fā)現(xiàn)四點(diǎn)的方向是一致的,而如果四點(diǎn)的方向不一,這個(gè)字的整體對(duì)稱美就不能表達(dá)出來。實(shí)際上,學(xué)生在觀察和描述中已感受到這種對(duì)稱美,只不過無法用“對(duì)稱”這個(gè)詞表達(dá)出來。有的上下左右都對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,還可以讓學(xué)生通過折折,剪一剪的方法來體會(huì)這種對(duì)稱的規(guī)律。把紙對(duì)折再對(duì)折,畫一個(gè)空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出這個(gè)字,把這個(gè)“口”字打開來,就是“田”字。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三階段:分類地識(shí)別各種結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)稱的合體字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)學(xué)生初步感知對(duì)稱這一概念,學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)稱的獨(dú)體字后,可傳授各種適合這類對(duì)稱漢字的識(shí)字方法,歸類識(shí)別各種對(duì)稱的合體字,并逐步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立識(shí)別各類對(duì)稱漢字的能力。\\n①字謎法\\n適用于上下、左右、內(nèi)外以及多層重疊對(duì)稱的合體字。學(xué)生對(duì)這類字很感興趣,可讓學(xué)生編字謎,師生互猜字謎來識(shí)別。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。\\n②顏色標(biāo)注法\\n適用于部分部件對(duì)稱的漢字??捎貌噬酃P標(biāo)出合體中的對(duì)稱部分,如下部對(duì)稱的“翁”字中的“羽”,右邊對(duì)稱的“琳”字中的“林”等等,對(duì)于以中間部件為軸對(duì)稱的字,如班,可用色標(biāo)標(biāo)出其中間部分。\\n③兒歌分解法\\n同樣適用于部分件對(duì)稱的漢字。如“叢”一一左右兩人走鋼絲。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外,當(dāng)學(xué)生掌握了一定的識(shí)字方法后,還可鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生新創(chuàng)各種合適的方法來識(shí)別各種對(duì)稱的生字,激發(fā)學(xué)生字的興趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"規(guī)范字書寫練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"購買適合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字貼","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"進(jìn)行練習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、司馬彥 | 人教版課課練:字體規(guī)范、人教版教材適用(各年級(jí)都有) 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、金枝葉 | 小學(xué)生生字摹寫本人教版課本同步練字帖:描紅、臨帖結(jié)合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、華夏萬卷 | 人教版課本同步寫字課字帖:內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)全面(各年級(jí)都有)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨點(diǎn) | 衡水體高中英語字帖:衡水體 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、學(xué)才 | 小學(xué)生英語單元同步詞匯:同步詞匯 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷書練字帖:凹槽+臨摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、金枝葉 | 兒童初學(xué)者凹槽練字帖:幼兒、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"適合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照現(xiàn)在的印刷技術(shù),清晰是基本沒有問題的。可清晰有時(shí)候是假的。有些出版商,為了讓字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的時(shí)候會(huì)將圖片深度銳化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、選擇高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次數(shù)多了,難免會(huì)有誤差。選擇字帖,應(yīng)該苛刻到“下真跡一等”或者盡可能靠近原作的那種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、選擇全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖盡管貴一些,但你能從中捕捉和發(fā)現(xiàn)很多信息。諸如原作用的什么紙張,墨色深淺如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出來線條疊加的痕跡,并能分析出來用筆速度、正確的用筆方法來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、復(fù)制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)制品的概念,可不能簡(jiǎn)單理解成印刷品。復(fù)制品,其實(shí)就是按照原大、原色、原樣、原材質(zhì)復(fù)制的,它幾乎可以理解成真跡的克隆品。復(fù)制品的好處就是你幾乎是在面對(duì)真跡。線條的張力,墨色,紙張的顏色,氣息等等字帖所不能表現(xiàn)的因素,它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有標(biāo)明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這個(gè)尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才會(huì)判斷出來原作到底有多大,字有多大,線條有多粗,然后才會(huì)明白原作到底有多大的技術(shù)難度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E7. 佳能fd501.8拆解
拆落地扇,需要準(zhǔn)備的材料包括有:螺絲刀。
一、拆解落地扇要求從外向內(nèi)、從上往下的順序進(jìn)行,用螺絲刀將邊箍四周的螺絲拆開,拿下前邊箍。
二、扭開膠蓋。
三、然后拿下扇葉。
四、將后面的邊箍也拿下來。
五、擰開下方后背的固定螺絲。
六、就可以將電機(jī)與擋位連接的部分拆下了。
七、擰下固定底座與連接桿的螺絲,這樣連接桿就可以直接拿下來了。
八、這樣落地扇就拆解完了。