1. cnv圖片

英語是國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言，是金融界語言，是空中交通管制語言，是流行音樂的語言，涵蓋了人類生活的方方面面，學(xué)好英語就如同打開了一扇世界之窗，我國是經(jīng)濟(jì)大國，普及英語更是國情需要。

單詞

背詞的方法因人而異，但是萬變不離其宗，就是要多寫、多讀，還要多用。背單詞的目的不單單是要會(huì)念會(huì)寫，既然是從零開始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26個(gè)字母和48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音和寫法了。我這邊先為大家介紹一下音標(biāo)的讀法：

元音

1.單元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]

2.雙元音：開合雙元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]

3輔音：爆破音：清輔音[p]、[t]、[k]；濁輔音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清輔音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；濁輔音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；濁輔音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。

（學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)的話可以在該視頻鏈接中跟著老師一塊學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo)https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2050891487235808454）

學(xué)習(xí)單詞視頻鏈接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html

以下的內(nèi)容是我總結(jié)出的關(guān)于單詞的一個(gè)分類總結(jié)。

名詞（n.）

英語名詞是用來表示人或事物名稱的詞。按照不同的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

1、專有名詞(Proper?noun)

它是特定的某個(gè)人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。如：Newton牛頓，San?Francisco舊金山，Russia俄羅斯，United?Nations聯(lián)合國。

2、普通名詞(common?noun)

它是某一類人、事物或某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。如：lawyer律師，market市場，computer計(jì)算機(jī)，rice大米，magazine雜志，freedom自由。

3、可數(shù)名詞

可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西，因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(貓)等。

4、不可數(shù)名詞

不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西；它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。

動(dòng)詞（V.）

英語動(dòng)詞簡稱“v.”。 一般就是用來表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞匯?；旧厦總€(gè)完整的句子都有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要表示第二個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)可使用不定詞、動(dòng)名詞、對等連接詞、從屬連接詞或增加子句等方法連結(jié)。

代詞（pron.）

代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類.大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能.英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種。（如下圖列舉幾種）

介詞（prep）

介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。（部分介詞的用法如下圖）

數(shù)詞（num.）

數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞。英語中的數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞。

基數(shù)詞

基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目多少，它包括表示數(shù)字的所有單詞，記憶這些數(shù)字可以用數(shù)字構(gòu)成分類記憶法。下圖是我整理的一個(gè)簡單的總結(jié)。

基數(shù)的作用

如下圖，是我整理的關(guān)于基數(shù)作用的歸納。

序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞用來表示次序，在漢語中表示為“第幾”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序數(shù)詞在書寫時(shí)可以縮寫first縮寫為1st，second縮寫為2nd,third縮寫為3rd。下圖是我總結(jié)整理的一個(gè)具體變換樣式。

序數(shù)詞除了第一，第二，第三或個(gè)位數(shù)為一，二，三結(jié)尾的序數(shù)詞外，其它序數(shù)詞都是以-th結(jié)尾的，縮寫也是對應(yīng)的數(shù)字加-th，如fourth(第四)縮寫為4th。同時(shí)也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼寫變化。下圖是我總結(jié)整理的變換樣式。

20-90整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞需要將對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞詞尾中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加eth構(gòu)成。 21-99非整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞需要十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞。十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間用連字符“-”連接。

如下圖是我整理的20-90整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞和21-99非整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞的部分內(nèi)容。

序數(shù)詞的用法

序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞the?？梢杂脕肀硎卷樞?、樓層、編號(hào)、日期中的日等。

2.3.1.用來表示順序，如:

I am always the first to come to school.

我總是第一個(gè)來學(xué)校的。

2.3.2.用來表示樓層，如:

My aunt lives on the fourth floor.

我姑媽住在四樓。

2.3.3.用來表示編號(hào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:the +序數(shù)詞+名詞=名詞(首字母要大寫) +基數(shù)詞。如:

第九部分the ninth part=Part nine

第四課the fourth lesson=Lesson Four

第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six

溫馨提示:編號(hào)較大時(shí)，一般僅用第二種表達(dá)法。Room 101，表示101號(hào)房間。

2.3.4.用來表示年、月、日: "年"用基數(shù)詞， “日用序數(shù)詞”，如:

1949年10月1日一寫法：Oct. 1st, 1949.讀作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.

2017年2月28日一寫法：February 28th，2017讀作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two

thousand and seventeen.

2.3.5.序數(shù)詞作"幾分之幾”時(shí),有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).

2.3.6.有些序數(shù)詞可以構(gòu)成固定詞組和習(xí)語,如:

on second thoughts再三考慮

frst of all首先

at first當(dāng)初

from first to last從頭到尾

on second thoughts再三思考

second to none名列前茅

形容詞（adj.）

遇到一個(gè)生詞的時(shí)候要先查字典，看看這個(gè)詞有幾個(gè)詞性，每一詞性下對應(yīng)的意思是什么；其次，查找這個(gè)單詞衍生出的其它詞性的單詞，例如：credit（信譽(yù)）是名詞，加上詞綴-ible之后變?yōu)閏redible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容詞和副詞。

英語形容詞可以根據(jù)詞尾來識(shí)別。常見的形容詞結(jié)尾如下:

●-able/-ible: credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible

●-al: annual, functional, individual, logical, essential

●-ful: awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful

●-ic: terrific, cubic, manic, rustic

●-ive: intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive

●-less: doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless

●-ous: adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.

副詞（adv.）

說到副詞對于初學(xué)者來說還有一個(gè)大塊兒頭是一定要記憶的，就是副詞的十三種分類。記住這個(gè)的話，副詞的主要脈絡(luò)就抓住了。比如：副詞表示方式、程度、時(shí)間什么的。但是，這里只說第一種，因?yàn)槿腴T就是從簡單的開始說，副詞記住就是作狀語，來修飾動(dòng)詞的。就這么簡單。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下圖是作者整理的總結(jié)性歸納。圖一和圖二進(jìn)行銜接觀看。

圖一

圖二

冠詞（art.）

不定冠詞

a,an是不定冠詞，只用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以輔音開頭的詞前面；an用在以元音開頭的詞之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。

定冠詞

the是定冠詞，表示“這”“那”“這些”“哪些”的意思?？梢杂迷趩螖?shù)、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞之前。

冠詞的基本用法

(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。

I have a cute dog.我有一只可愛的小狗。

(2)復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。

(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西國家非常要。

(3)不可數(shù)名詞前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。

Oil is lighter than water.油比水輕。

(4)專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。

Beijing is the capital of China.北京中國的首都。

不定冠詞a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念，只用來泛指事物，說明其名稱或種類。

(1)當(dāng)?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄飼r(shí)，用a或an起介紹作用。

She is a teacher.她是一位老師。

(2)表示泛指某一類人或物。

A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一種冷血?jiǎng)游铩?/p>

(3)表示某一類人或事物的任何一 個(gè)。

This is a cat.這是一只貓。

(4)用于抽象名詞之前，使抽象名詞具體化。

It is a pity that you are late.很遺憾你遲到了。

The ltte child is a joy to his parents.這個(gè)孩子給他的父母帶來了很多歡樂。

(5)用于物質(zhì)名詞之前，使物質(zhì)名詞普通化。

They made a fire to get warm.他們生火取暖。

注意:

(1) 當(dāng)不定冠詞所修飾的那個(gè)名詞的第一個(gè)音(不是字母，而是讀音)為元音時(shí)，不定冠詞要用an，而以輔音開頭時(shí)用a.

(2)在使用不定冠詞時(shí)，要特別注意縮略詞。

an unidentified flying object一個(gè)不明飛行物?？s略詞: a UFO.

連詞（conj.）

連詞可以分成兩類，一類是表示并列關(guān)系的連詞。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一類是從屬連詞，用于引出從句，比如主語從句，賓語從句，狀語從句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。

并列連詞又可以分成三類，一類是表示選擇的并列關(guān)系的， 主要有or表示或者，否則，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:

What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最愛?唱歌還是跳舞?

I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜歡唱歌也不喜歡跳舞.

Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告訴她真相，要么他告訴她真相。

另一類是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:

I like singing but dancing. 我喜歡唱歌但不喜歡跳舞。

I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜歡唱歌，而我姐姐喜歡跳舞。

還有就是表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：

Don't waste food and time.不要浪費(fèi)食物和時(shí)間。

This box is three times as big as that one.這個(gè)箱子比那個(gè)大三倍。

從屬連詞主要根據(jù)狀語的類型來分類。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞類型比較多，包括表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自從或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。例句如下：

I was singing when she danced.當(dāng)她在跳舞時(shí)，我在唱歌。

I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌時(shí)她正在跳舞。

She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。

引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：

I study s go to the best school.因?yàn)槲蚁肷献詈玫膶W(xué)校，所以我才這么努力

引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：

I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是為了能上最好的學(xué)校。

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：

I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我學(xué)習(xí)那么努力，所以我上了最好的學(xué)校。

感嘆詞（int.）

英語感嘆詞有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下圖是我整理的一個(gè)總結(jié)性筆記。

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

在我們熟悉了解音標(biāo)和單詞之后我們就可以為自己制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃了。以下是我總結(jié)出的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，方法不一定適應(yīng)每個(gè)人，但是希望會(huì)對大家有一個(gè)幫助。

1.我們可以將5500個(gè)常見詞匯分為30-50個(gè)Unit，每天背誦一個(gè)Unit（100-200個(gè)單詞），一個(gè)月就可以完成一輪背誦，然后第二、三個(gè)月進(jìn)行第二輪、三輪鞏固復(fù)習(xí)。當(dāng)然，每天早上背完一個(gè)新的Unit之后，我們需要在第30分鐘、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、對每個(gè)單元進(jìn)行及時(shí)重復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)。

2.【具體方法】：早上：拿一張白紙擋住中文意思，只看英文單詞開始背誦，勾出不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。背完一個(gè)Unit之后，立刻把勾出的單詞再背一遍（依舊遮住中文意思），如果還是有某個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，就再打勾背誦；30分鐘后：把勾出來的單詞重新自測一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的單詞重新自測一遍。以此類推，反復(fù)記憶。

3.【注意要點(diǎn)】：一定要嚴(yán)格按照表格重復(fù)，不要偷懶！不要偷懶！不要偷懶！如果偷懶一次，漏下一兩個(gè)單元，今天耽誤了，那明天想補(bǔ)救就會(huì)很難。比如，你3月20號(hào)背誦了Unit 12，你不僅要在30分鐘后和晚上睡覺之前復(fù)習(xí)兩遍Unit 10，你還需要在背完Unit 12后同步復(fù)習(xí)之前背過的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。

作者在這邊也分享一下自己學(xué)習(xí)單詞的視頻鏈接：https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html，該視頻里可以幫大家有效的學(xué)習(xí)到單詞的讀音，同時(shí)在視頻中也教給大家如何利用學(xué)到的音標(biāo)來進(jìn)行拼讀單詞。如果有興趣學(xué)習(xí)的小伙伴們可以跟著視頻進(jìn)行單詞的學(xué)習(xí)。

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百詞斬

全民用的最多最火的背單詞神器，下載量高達(dá)3億，評(píng)分超級(jí)高。關(guān)鍵是適合不同年齡層次的人，可根據(jù)自己的身份選擇不同的單詞文本，有小學(xué)、初中、高中、大學(xué)、四六級(jí)、專業(yè)六級(jí)、八級(jí)，適合零基礎(chǔ)的成年人從頭開始學(xué)習(xí)。還有不同的背單詞場景，根據(jù)不同的圖片背誦單詞，記憶效果很好，對零基礎(chǔ)的成年人很友好。

滬江開心詞場

趣味性極強(qiáng)的背單詞神器，成功解決了背單詞枯燥無味的問題。這個(gè)APP最大的特點(diǎn)就是，在闖關(guān)的過程中，順便把單詞背誦了，輕松有趣，很適合成年人在上下班地鐵上背誦。闖關(guān)的過程，也是檢驗(yàn)?zāi)闶欠裾莆諉卧~的過程，不記住，闖不了關(guān)，讓你干著急，激發(fā)你的闖關(guān)欲望。

扇貝單詞

不僅可以背單詞，還可以做筆記。和其他APP不一樣，這個(gè)軟件背誦單詞的速度飛快，不過還會(huì)有第二輪的檢驗(yàn)，反復(fù)鞏固，加強(qiáng)背誦效果。背誦之前，還會(huì)問你認(rèn)不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，如果不認(rèn)識(shí)，出現(xiàn)的頻率會(huì)更高。

語法

我們認(rèn)識(shí)了單詞之后，就可以來了解每個(gè)單詞組成句子的語法問題。其實(shí)任何一門學(xué)科都是由淺入深的，英語也不例外。學(xué)習(xí)語法就像造房子，首先要把基礎(chǔ)的語法脈絡(luò)理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢補(bǔ)充和拓展，讓知識(shí)鞏固起來。

英語語法最基礎(chǔ)的就是簡單句的組成，之后我們才會(huì)慢慢了解到并列句、復(fù)合句以及從句，以下是我總結(jié)出的語法內(nèi)容，我們一起來看看吧！

簡單句語法

所有的句子都是通過簡單句而組合的，只不過句子的結(jié)構(gòu)拓寬了一點(diǎn)， 詞匯豐富了一點(diǎn)，從而演變?yōu)槠渌拈L句。

1.主謂

主謂就是主語 + 謂語的組合，比如：Spring comes 。這句話中主語是spring ，謂語是 comes 。

主語就是引領(lǐng)句子的開頭部分，是一個(gè)句子的主體，英文是 subject ，我們用字母 S 代替。謂語可以理解為動(dòng)詞，英文是 verb，我們用字母 v 代替。

2.主謂賓

根據(jù)字面的意思就是主語 + 謂語 + 賓語組合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .

這句話中主語是 i ，謂語是 love ，賓語就是在謂語后面的詞，這里是 you。

賓語的英文是 object，這里用字母 o 代替。

3.主謂賓賓

主語 + 謂語 + 賓語+ 賓語的句子。

這里的兩個(gè)賓語都是謂語動(dòng)詞所產(chǎn)生作用的。

比如 ：I give you money .

這里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的賓語，give you 和 give money ，所以都是兩個(gè)賓語。

4.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)

主語 + 謂語 + 賓語+ 賓補(bǔ)的句子。

比如 ：It makes me happy .

這里的 me 是 make 的賓語，但是 happy 不是 make 的賓語。

happy 是 me 的形容詞，是一個(gè)賓補(bǔ)，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語，起到了補(bǔ)充說明的作用。

注意 ：區(qū)分主謂賓賓和主謂賓賓補(bǔ)

主謂賓賓中的兩個(gè)賓語都是謂語所產(chǎn)生的作用詞，而主謂賓賓補(bǔ)中賓補(bǔ)是賓語的形容詞，與謂語沒有任何關(guān)系。

5.主系表

這里的系代表系動(dòng)詞。包含三個(gè)類別

A be 動(dòng)詞 ： am is are was were

B 感官動(dòng)詞 （五官）

look 看起來

sound 聽起來

smell 聞起來

taste 嘗起來

feel 摸著....感覺......

C 變化動(dòng)詞

become / turn / go / get / grow

這里的表是代表表語，包括名詞、形容詞、介賓短語、不定式todo

比如 you are beautiful 這句話中，you 是主語，are 是系動(dòng)詞，beautiful 是表語。

并列句語法

簡單句通過不同的連接詞就成為了不同的句子，通過并列詞成了并列句，通過從屬連詞成了復(fù)合句。下面我們就一一講解 ：

并列句：簡單句+并列詞+簡單句

并列詞一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，

1.表示并列：

and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...

Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .

2.表示選擇：

or，or else，otherwise，either...or...

Hurry or you won't make the train.

3.表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折：

but，whileyet，however，never，

I like tea while she likes coffee.

4.表示原因：for

I am thirsty , for it is hot .

復(fù)合句：簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句

從屬連詞有：that /wether/if。

從句語法

名詞性從句

當(dāng)名詞性從句作為句子的不同成分時(shí)，又被稱呼為不同的名字。

當(dāng)作為主語時(shí)，稱為主語從句。

當(dāng)稱為賓語時(shí)，稱為賓語從句，同樣表語從句以及同位語從句。以下我們來舉個(gè)栗子 ：

主語從句 What she said is wrong .

賓語從句 I said that she was wrong.

表語從句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.

同位語從句 The news that he will come back is ture.

記住一點(diǎn)，不管什么從句，你把它當(dāng)成一個(gè)”長一點(diǎn)的名詞”。

那如果這個(gè)長名詞在句子中作主語，就是主語從句，作賓語就是賓語從句。

同位語從句就是相當(dāng)于一個(gè)長點(diǎn)的名詞對另外一個(gè)抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明。

定語從句

修飾限定名詞，漢語中“的”前面的內(nèi)容。

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語 Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?lost?his?way.

2.?whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?/p>

Mr.?Ling?is?just?the?boy?whom?I?want?to?see

3.?which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略

This?is?the?pen?(which)?he?bought?yesterday.

4.?that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who?或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。

5.?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。

指的是誰的。Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover?is?yellow?

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

when where why

狀語從句

修飾動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式。

1.時(shí)間狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,

I was fat when I was a child.

2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：where

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Keep it where you can see it.

3.原因狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .

4.目的狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

study hard so that you can pass the exam.

5.結(jié)果狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

6.條件狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that

If you ask him, he will help you.

7.方式狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way

Think as i think

8.比較狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

The house is three times as big as ours.

9.讓步狀語從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Though I believe it，yet I must consider.

時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題

時(shí)態(tài)的本質(zhì)是：時(shí)+態(tài)。

所以學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)，一定要把時(shí)和態(tài)分開來看待。

I am a teacher.

這句話，時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在時(shí)”，狀態(tài)是“一般態(tài)”

英語里有4種時(shí)間：

過去，現(xiàn)在，將來，過去將來

英語里有4種狀態(tài)：

一般態(tài)：非完成，非進(jìn)行

進(jìn)行態(tài)：動(dòng)作的延續(xù)

完成態(tài)：在截止時(shí)間時(shí)，完成了的事情

完成進(jìn)行態(tài)(幾乎不用)：過去是，到截止時(shí)間是，將來還是的事情(強(qiáng)調(diào)截止時(shí)間)

如下圖，兩個(gè)是我整理的筆記內(nèi)容。

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

1.從閱讀時(shí)理解語法，再用語法書夯實(shí)理解而成的專業(yè)知識(shí)。舉一個(gè)典型的例子。冠詞the看似簡單，實(shí)際上用法難懂變化多端。一本詳細(xì)的語法書通常會(huì)記錄數(shù)十條應(yīng)用the的規(guī)則，及其不計(jì)其數(shù)的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。

2.學(xué)精語法，英語語感比規(guī)則關(guān)鍵。培養(yǎng)閱讀英文的好習(xí)慣。仍以the為例。每一次讀書的時(shí)候難免會(huì)遇到the字?jǐn)?shù)十次，而每次都是看到不同情況，不同類型的句型。

3.讀書時(shí)碰到疑惑，前去閱覽語法書。這時(shí)候，語法書里的復(fù)雜規(guī)則就恰好派上用場了。由于你明白自己要請，都知道這種語法規(guī)則用于具體的語句。

以下幾個(gè)圖片是我在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行搜索歸納的總結(jié)性筆記，一列為一種總結(jié)內(nèi)容，圖一至圖四為整體內(nèi)容，圖二銜接圖一結(jié)尾，圖三銜接圖二結(jié)尾，圖四銜接圖三結(jié)尾。

圖一

圖二

圖三

圖四

給大家講了這么多書面上的語法問題，作者在這里給學(xué)習(xí)英語的小伙伴們介紹一下我在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)候借鑒的視頻。視頻中老師充分講解了初步學(xué)習(xí)英語適用的語法問題，在講解的同時(shí)還為大家用例句進(jìn)行了說明。視頻鏈接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）

推薦書籍

《英語魔法師之語法俱樂部》

本書內(nèi)容非常簡單，可以幫助語法薄弱的學(xué)習(xí)者慢慢理解語法。它分為三個(gè)部分：初級(jí)句型、中級(jí)句型和高級(jí)句型。初級(jí)句型共講解了五種基本句型；中級(jí)句型有四種，即形容詞從句、名詞從句、狀語從句和倒裝句。另外這本書的冠詞、不定式和動(dòng)名詞的語法相比其他語法書的講解更透徹。

《English Grammar in Use》

本書的語法范例，主要是以情景為例，將抽象的語法概念更具體化、也易于理解。書中材料均來自英語母語國家，表達(dá)地道，讓學(xué)習(xí)者可以學(xué)以致用，讓學(xué)習(xí)的效率更好。全書圖文并茂，內(nèi)容生動(dòng)，對語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類對比，可以讓學(xué)習(xí)者快速梳理思路，學(xué)習(xí)起來事半功倍。

《柯林斯英語語法》

《柯林斯英語語法》的體例和所有的英語語法書都不一樣，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表達(dá)法和表達(dá)功能排列的，而內(nèi)容也側(cè)重于靈活實(shí)用的功能語法講解，強(qiáng)調(diào)語法和詞匯的結(jié)合。

句子

通過了單詞和語法的認(rèn)識(shí)，持之以恒記憶對話、課文中的佳句是豐富我們語言，積累句式的好方法。而能對熟悉的句子進(jìn)行變通也是學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要技巧之一?，F(xiàn)在雖然考試不考句型轉(zhuǎn)換，但是句型轉(zhuǎn)換可以加深我們的記憶和知識(shí)的拓展。（想詳細(xì)了解英語造句內(nèi)容的可以在該視頻鏈接中跟著老師一塊學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)英語基礎(chǔ)https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）

句子成分

句子的組成部分，包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分9種，其中，主語和謂語是主要成分有，表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分是次要成分。

一、主語

主語是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。

The sun rises in the east. (名詞)

He likes dancing. (代詞)

二、謂語

謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動(dòng)詞來承擔(dān)。

We often speak English in class.

三、賓語

賓語是動(dòng)作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。

除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語和謂語所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息。例如：They are working.主語是they(他們)，那么他們在做什么呢？看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致，也就是說主語在前，謂語緊跟其后。

He pretended not to see me. (不定式短語)

I enjoy listening to popular music. (動(dòng)名詞短語)

四、定語

定語用于描述名詞,代詞,短語或從句的性質(zhì),特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語,定語可以由名詞,形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞,短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個(gè)詞,定語放在被修飾詞的前面,如果是詞組,定語放在被修飾詞的后面。

Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容詞)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分詞)

五、狀語

狀語說明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果方式,條件或伴隨情況,程度等情況的詞叫狀語。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。

Light travels most quickly. (副詞及副詞性詞組)

He has lived in the city for ten years. (介詞短語)

六、補(bǔ)語

補(bǔ)語的作用對象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。

His father named him Dongming. (名詞)

They painted their boat white. (形容詞)

七、表語

表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì),身份,特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。

常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)

八、同位語

同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語.這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞（代詞）之后。同位語和補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別在于：補(bǔ)語不能缺少，同位語可以缺少。

九、獨(dú)立成分

獨(dú)立成分，是當(dāng)一個(gè)詞、短語或從句用在句子里面，與句子的其他成分只有意義上的聯(lián)系而沒有語法關(guān)系時(shí)，它就稱為獨(dú)立成分。常見的獨(dú)立成份有呼吁、驚嘆語、答語、插入語、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞所構(gòu)成的短語及形容詞、副詞所引起的詞組等。

陳述句

陳述句是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或者說話人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句兩種。陳述句在書寫時(shí)句末用句號(hào)，而在朗讀時(shí)則用降調(diào)。陳述句的核心是非?；A(chǔ)的。這個(gè)句子里有一個(gè)名詞和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。句子可以有其他成分，如形容詞、副詞和其他詞。但是最簡單的形式就是名詞和動(dòng)詞。

陳述句的基本句型：

(1)主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語

(2)主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)

(3)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) +賓語

(4)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) +間接賓語+直接賓語

(5)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) V.+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

肯定句

The river flooded.河水泛濫了。(主謂 )

He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主謂濱)

He can teach you English.他可以教你英語。(主謂+雙賓)

He painted the desk blue.他把書桌涂成了色。(主謂濱賓補(bǔ))

He is a doctor.他是一名醫(yī)生。(主系表)

否定句

The river did not/didn't flood. 河水沒有泛濫。

He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他沒有幽默感。

He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英語。

He didn't paint the desk blue.他沒有把書桌涂成藍(lán)色。

He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名醫(yī)生。

疑問句

一般疑問句

通常用來詢問一件事情或一種情況是否屬實(shí)，其回答通常是yes或no，因此這類問句又叫做“是非問句”。下面是句型。

Is there something wrong with this machine?這臺(tái)機(jī)器有問題嗎?

Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了嗎?

Shall we go on?我們繼續(xù)向前嗎?

Will he not agree with you?他不同意你嗎?

Haven't you any sisters?你沒有姐妹嗎?

Don't you like this movie?你不喜歡這部電影嗎?

特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句是對句中的某一部分提出疑問，通常以who、where、when、why等疑問詞開頭，因此又叫“wh-問句”。下面是句型。

Who are you?你是誰?

Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和誰打乒乓球?

Whose glasses are broken?誰的眼鏡打碎了?

Which shoes do you like?你喜歡哪雙鞋子?

What do they want to do?他們想要做什么?

When does she want to practice?她想要什么時(shí)候練習(xí)?

Where is the restroom?洗手間在哪里?

Why did you leave?你為什么離開了 ?|

How do you study English?你怎么學(xué)習(xí)英語?

選擇疑問句

選擇疑問句是對問題提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案供對方選擇的疑問方式。下面是句型。

Shall we go by bus or by train?我們乘汽車還是乘秋車?，

Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我?guī)湍?還是你自己解決?

Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一樣, 咖啡還是茶?

Coffee or tea?咖啡還是茶?

Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜歡哪樣?

反義疑問句

反意疑問句又稱為附加疑問句，英語稱為tag question，是一種常用于口語的疑問句式，主要由“陳述句(或祈使句) + 疑問句”構(gòu)成。下面是句型。

陳述句有 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，以該be動(dòng)詞形成反問；陳述句有助動(dòng)詞（will、shall、can、have...）時(shí)，以該助動(dòng)詞形成反問；陳述句只有動(dòng)詞時(shí)，按主語人稱及該動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，置 do、does、did 形成反問。下面是句型。下面是句型。

Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?

Don't do it, will you?不要做這件事，好不好?

Let me go, will you?讓我走，好不好?

Let's stop here, shall we?我們在這里停下，好嗎?

There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在這個(gè)咖啡廳有無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，對嗎?

The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，對嗎?

Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅長數(shù)學(xué),對嗎?

John is going to study English, isn't he? John會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)英文,對嗎?

祈使句

祈使句是英語中的一個(gè)句式，也是用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

感嘆句

感嘆句是英語四大功能句型之一，主要用來表示高興、憤怒、厭惡或者欣賞等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子，句末通常用感嘆號(hào)！結(jié)尾，說話時(shí)用降調(diào)。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

簡單句

由一個(gè)主語（并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（并列謂語）構(gòu)成。只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主語可理解為“誰？”，謂語視為“做什么？”“是什么？”。

簡單句五種基本句型：

主系表 SVP

主謂SV

主謂賓SVO

主謂雙賓SVOO

主謂賓賓補(bǔ)SVOC

下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

并列句

是并列句由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的簡單句并列而成，有兩套或兩套以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列連詞/特殊符號(hào)+分句”。并列連詞：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因?yàn)? so (所以)。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

特殊句式

存在句

存在句在英語中是用來表示人或事物的存在、出現(xiàn)等意義，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以從結(jié)構(gòu)，句型來分析，可以有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。相關(guān)的語法重點(diǎn)有：存在句的謂語動(dòng)詞，存在句非限定形式，存在句主謂一致等。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

省略句

在英語中，名詞可以省略，動(dòng)詞可以省略，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)中不但系動(dòng)詞這樣的可以省略，連實(shí)意動(dòng)詞也是可以省略的，只要它已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過了。會(huì)使用省略句是英語水平走向高階的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，在使用省略句的時(shí)候，不要擔(dān)心對方看不懂或者聽不懂。只要你用的正確，不存在別人不能理解。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

倒裝句

為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等詞語的目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。英語倒裝句的7種形式，希望能幫助你理解英語句子。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是一種特殊句式，用于表示說話者強(qiáng)烈的感情或意愿。強(qiáng)調(diào)就是通過某種手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情況下顯得更重要。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示：

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

【第一步】：看大標(biāo)題，圖片，小標(biāo)題，看完之后大概猜測文章是關(guān)于什么的，目的在于對文章有個(gè)模糊的印象。

【第二步】：重點(diǎn)略讀，主要讀每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每個(gè)段的內(nèi)容，目的在于對文章結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)整體把握，比如典型的結(jié)構(gòu)——介紹問題、給出原因、提出解決方法、說明潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、對未來進(jìn)行判斷。

【第三步】：全文略讀，讀的時(shí)候讓盡可能多的信息進(jìn)入眼眶，略讀次要信息，抓重點(diǎn)信息(核心觀點(diǎn)、重要前提、重要假設(shè))，并對重點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行精讀，同時(shí)對覺得不錯(cuò)的內(nèi)容再進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。目的在于掌握重點(diǎn)信息，方面以后復(fù)查或者積累寫作素材。(這時(shí)候不懂的單詞可以圈起來，只要不影響文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)

【第四步】：不斷來回查找信息，對比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握文章整體脈絡(luò)。

【第五步】：帶著結(jié)構(gòu)重新略讀閱讀信息，精讀標(biāo)記信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要進(jìn)一步的查詢工作。

學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃制定好后，作者這邊推薦小伙伴們可以在b站上跟著這位老師學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)，他的視頻內(nèi)容充分的為大家解決了句型問題，同時(shí)還利用造句的方式幫助小伙伴們可以更加深刻的了解英語句子的組成部分，視頻鏈接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b

閱讀外文文章

《讀者文摘》

讀者文摘在全球多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)都有發(fā)行。1922年創(chuàng)刊，這是一本能引起大眾廣泛興趣的內(nèi)容豐富的家庭雜志。它所涉及的故事文章涵蓋了健康、生態(tài)、政府、國際事務(wù)、體育、旅游、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、教育以及幽默笑話等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。適用人群是英語初、中級(jí)水平學(xué)習(xí)者及考研黨。

同時(shí)，由于內(nèi)容具有思考價(jià)值、探討性和實(shí)用性，中國英語考試中有不少題目和材料來源于這本雜志。非常適合考試黨提高英語能力和語感，是夯實(shí)英語基礎(chǔ)的大眾型讀物。

購買方式：直接聯(lián)系中圖訂購紙本，這種刊物在國內(nèi)訂閱是完全許可的。都是英文原版，按期引進(jìn)。讀者文摘是那種小冊子，時(shí)代是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的雜志?，F(xiàn)在國家對外籍刊物進(jìn)口管理比較嚴(yán)格，自己從網(wǎng)上訂電子版往往會(huì)被屏蔽掉。

《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》

這是一份由倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人報(bào)紙有限公司出版的雜志，創(chuàng)辦于1843年9月，創(chuàng)辦人詹姆士·威爾遜。雜志的大多數(shù)文章寫得機(jī)智，幽默，有力度，嚴(yán)肅又不失詼諧，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅內(nèi)告訴讀者最多的信息。該雜志又以發(fā)明巨無霸指數(shù)聞名，是社會(huì)精英必不可少的讀物。

里面的文章十分經(jīng)典，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在考研的閱讀理解里面，可見里面的用詞、用句的高水平。還有很重要的一點(diǎn)，就是《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》里面還會(huì)涉及大量的詞匯、固定搭配以及長難句，不僅僅是提升閱讀水平，對于詞匯積累、語法提升等都大有好處。

就里面所有的板塊和內(nèi)容而言，個(gè)人最喜歡其中的 obituary 和 special report 部分，前者會(huì)寫很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者則涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、科技領(lǐng)域的時(shí)新專題報(bào)道，屬于漲知識(shí)的必備欄目。

閱讀方式：一些免費(fèi)提供離線資源的網(wǎng)站，這塊要用谷歌搜，或者用必應(yīng)國際版，但很多更新更新著就不更新了，免費(fèi)的可以搜一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：西貝博客。還有國內(nèi)一些網(wǎng)站提供付費(fèi)的離線資源，這塊是一種選擇，只要會(huì)用指令搜索，就可以搜索進(jìn)行查看。

還有就是通過發(fā)郵件到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人官方，咨詢他們有哪些授權(quán)渠道商，再通過這些渠道商去訂閱。

英語中期學(xué)習(xí)

聽力

我們在鍛煉聽力的時(shí)候一定不要聽那些東拼西湊的英語磁帶，而是選擇一個(gè)聽力材料就徹底把它拿下。材料里的每一個(gè)單詞、每一個(gè)短語都要聽清楚。為了達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)，你必須聽寫。

明確學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)

第一步是先糾正自己的音標(biāo)，這是最基礎(chǔ)的，我們之所以聽不懂是因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們也聽不出來英語發(fā)音。所以首先必須糾正好自己的音標(biāo)。

第二步是要擴(kuò)大自己的單詞量，好多人不注意這一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為聽力的單詞量有限，但是一定要把自己的單詞量擴(kuò)大到一定的范圍。

第三步是訓(xùn)練聽力，首先訓(xùn)練單個(gè)單詞，先聽單個(gè)單詞，然后在逐漸的聽句子，這是很主要的，要循序漸進(jìn)。

第四步是在聽聽力的時(shí)候，一定要在自己聽不懂的地方多聽幾遍，并把相關(guān)的單詞和句子抄下來，經(jīng)常去閱讀。

第五步是每天堅(jiān)持聽聽力至少2個(gè)小時(shí)，這是非常關(guān)鍵的一步，不要怕辛苦，堅(jiān)持下來就行。

第六步是可以堅(jiān)持看美劇或者堅(jiān)持聽外國的音樂和相關(guān)的歌曲，對自己的聽力都有很大的幫助。

聽力的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索發(fā)音詞典（這是用戶）進(jìn)行用于聽力練習(xí)，這個(gè)老師的視頻中開頭部分就為大家制定好了聽力規(guī)則，在觀看視頻的時(shí)候也可以充分的鍛煉自己的英語聽力。視頻的鏈接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b

學(xué)習(xí)小技巧

1、學(xué)會(huì)抓關(guān)鍵詞

在聽力過程中，我們要學(xué)會(huì)抓其中的關(guān)鍵詞。在語段之間的停頓時(shí)間，快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)，對比其不同之處，在聽的過程中通過關(guān)鍵詞判斷說話者的身份，幫助自己搜索相關(guān)背景知識(shí)。

2、學(xué)會(huì)劃分意群

很多人在聽的時(shí)候都是逐個(gè)單詞地聽，想要聽懂每一個(gè)單詞。其實(shí)這樣做是沒有必要的，也是很難做到的。因此，我們要學(xué)會(huì)劃分意群來聽，分詞組分詞塊來聽會(huì)幫助你節(jié)省很多時(shí)間，并能讓你更快地理解句子是什么意思。

3、學(xué)會(huì)提前思考

在聽力開始之前，你就要瀏覽完材料，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)開始思考。這段話要講什么，目的又是什么。并學(xué)會(huì)猜測，包括對話題的預(yù)測、甚至通過常識(shí)進(jìn)行答案的預(yù)測。這樣才能在考試之中處于主動(dòng)的位置，所以，聽聽力要積極主動(dòng)。

4、學(xué)會(huì)做筆記

好的筆記能夠讓你的思路清晰，讓你了解聽力內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)。在聽力的開頭結(jié)尾時(shí)就要集中精神，記住相關(guān)信息，因?yàn)槟呛苡锌赡芫褪锹犃Φ闹攸c(diǎn)。有時(shí)考點(diǎn)在出題時(shí)是按照順序來出的，因此筆記能幫助我們排除一些干擾選項(xiàng)。

5、學(xué)會(huì)注意數(shù)字

要注意以下幾方面：常規(guī)數(shù)字的連讀，百分?jǐn)?shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)，百分比，電話號(hào)碼，航班號(hào)，駕照號(hào)，信用卡號(hào)等等。

推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站

BBC Learning English

我一定要把它放在第一位，因?yàn)橹灰氲骄W(wǎng)路上的免費(fèi)英文學(xué)習(xí)資源，第一個(gè)要推薦的絕對是BBC Learning English。

這個(gè)被公認(rèn)為全球最佳的英文學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，不只具有英文單字詞匯、文法、發(fā)音、聽力、會(huì)話、閱讀以及學(xué)習(xí)測驗(yàn)等豐富多元的學(xué)習(xí)教材，而且也一直持續(xù)更新教學(xué)內(nèi)容。

除了可以用網(wǎng)路學(xué)習(xí)之外，也可以免費(fèi)下載mp3語音和文字稿到電腦，當(dāng)作持續(xù)自學(xué)進(jìn)修練習(xí)的免費(fèi)教材。

TED

TED Talks是可以一邊聽演講一邊訓(xùn)練英文聽力的網(wǎng)站。在這里有不同領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士所發(fā)表的科學(xué)、娛樂、文化、教育、藝術(shù)等等專題英文演講影片，除了訓(xùn)練正式英文的聽力之外，還可以增長知識(shí)，開拓自己的視野。可以觀看約10~20分鐘TED Talks練習(xí)英文聽力，聽不懂時(shí)，還可閱讀演講稿理解影片內(nèi)容。

English online France

English online France是一個(gè)非常有趣的在線英文聽力訓(xùn)練網(wǎng)站，依照初級(jí)、中級(jí)和高級(jí)區(qū)分的英文聽力訓(xùn)練教材共超過一百個(gè)項(xiàng)目，包括聽寫練習(xí)與測驗(yàn)的MP3語音教材以及聽力練習(xí)與測驗(yàn)的影片。

口語

語言不是教會(huì)的，而是在使用中學(xué)會(huì)的。交際能力只能在交際中得到最有效的培養(yǎng)。一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的語言學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)具有強(qiáng)烈的語言交際的欲望，應(yīng)力爭語言訓(xùn)練的各種機(jī)會(huì)。應(yīng)該不怕因犯語言錯(cuò)誤而被別人譏笑。（口語的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索，也可以結(jié)合下文講解，在該連接中看視頻配合學(xué)習(xí)https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b）

明確學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)

1. 一定要用完整句子對話

面對任何問題，都不能只回答表面內(nèi)容，一定要在此基礎(chǔ)上展開回答。如果別人問你一個(gè)問題，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口語呢？即使遇到了一個(gè)你根本不了解或者不會(huì)的問題，也千萬不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”來回應(yīng)。比如別人問了一個(gè)最基礎(chǔ)的問題，“Where are you from?” 你千萬不能只說：“I come from Beijing.”正確的做法是：先說明你來自北京，然后介紹一下北京的風(fēng)土人情、家鄉(xiāng)美食等等，最后再和對方互動(dòng)一下，問你去過北京嗎？或者你覺得北京這座城市怎么樣呢？

2.多使用一些復(fù)雜句和從句

然后在平時(shí)練習(xí)過程中，要將簡單句和復(fù)雜句交錯(cuò)使用，不要一直用簡單的句子，這樣會(huì)顯得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直說很復(fù)雜的句子，因?yàn)楹苋菀壮鲥e(cuò)。在變換不同的句式的時(shí)候，記得不要出錯(cuò)。避免一直說簡單句的最好方法就是，多說一些稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的從句，比如定語從句、條件狀語從句、主語從句等等，同時(shí)一些相同意思的句子也不要用重復(fù)表達(dá)，要學(xué)會(huì)多嘗試用不同的句式說出來。

3.通過美劇學(xué)習(xí)口語

通過美劇學(xué)習(xí)英語口語也是很多人可能有嘗試的方法，對于上班族來說可以一邊放松心情的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)英語。我建議可選擇那些與日常生活比較貼近、故事情節(jié)較強(qiáng)的影視材料。例如金色年代。

口語的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索MrYang楊家成，這個(gè)老師講解的每個(gè)視頻內(nèi)容雖然簡短，但是老師在講解前就利用學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)音進(jìn)行糾正，充滿趣味性的同時(shí)也能認(rèn)識(shí)到口語發(fā)音方面的錯(cuò)誤。我這邊為大家找到一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的視頻內(nèi)容，鏈接如下：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b，如果需要的話可以試著看看一看。

英音發(fā)音學(xué)習(xí)

1.建立英音的肌肉反射

在我們開始在美音和英音間做出實(shí)質(zhì)性的發(fā)音改變之前。我們首先要知道，發(fā)音的改變是要體現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)音上的，這樣的改變才能導(dǎo)致整體上發(fā)音的變化。這包括說話過程中嘴型的變化，以及嘴部肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的變化。這是一個(gè)整體上的變化。并不只在有某個(gè)變化音的詞里，你才能聽到這樣的變化，而是在每個(gè)音節(jié)上都可以聽的出來。

所以想要練習(xí)一口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英式英語，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是練習(xí)音標(biāo)。將每個(gè)音標(biāo)老老實(shí)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，通過肌肉發(fā)射，對后面的英式英語的口語練習(xí)能有很大的幫助。

2.建立英音語言環(huán)境

學(xué)一門語言，最好的當(dāng)然就是處于一個(gè)特定的語言環(huán)境內(nèi)。既然我們是在國內(nèi)，沒有辦法實(shí)現(xiàn)英式英語的環(huán)境，那么我就可以通過聽力來實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入的問題，通過口語來實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出的問題。

而對于鍛煉聽力，最推從的方法就是聽萬能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不僅僅只有新聞的，BBC還有很多欄目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通過上面的視頻進(jìn)行練習(xí)口語聽力的欄目。

3.建立口語交流機(jī)制

現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這么發(fā)達(dá)，我們完全可以通過sns來和世界交流。你只要學(xué)會(huì)FAN墻，就可以通過Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp來找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意學(xué)習(xí)中文是再好不過的了，這樣互助互利是最持久的。不過記住，我們是要練習(xí)英式英語，所以最好找英國，或者加拿大的。

4.英式發(fā)音技巧

“R”不發(fā)音，不卷舌

T不發(fā)D音，發(fā)T音或不發(fā)音

請注意，“H”并不總是發(fā)音

單詞“been”的讀音是“bean”，而不是“bin”

結(jié)尾降調(diào)

美音發(fā)音學(xué)習(xí)

1.準(zhǔn)備好學(xué)習(xí)的視頻參照物

僅僅是自己照著音標(biāo)、課本練習(xí)朗讀，不能使自己的發(fā)音改善。學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音視頻教程，才是最容易、最直觀、最簡單的方法。因?yàn)?，可以直觀地看到美國人的嘴形、舌頭的位置，這樣可以很容易自我調(diào)整。

請?jiān)诿赓M(fèi)WiFi下，請自行百度：美式發(fā)音訓(xùn)練視頻教程(匯總貼)?？梢院苋菀渍业矫绹鳳aul老師的視頻教程。

2.制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，每天學(xué)習(xí)1集視頻

每天觀看1集視頻，并且在安靜、不被打擾的環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)。跟著視頻一起，自己張口練習(xí)。練習(xí)時(shí)，不用去記憶生詞，只需要張口練習(xí)發(fā)音就好。

學(xué)習(xí)完1集視頻后，找找自己熟悉的單詞、簡單句子，按照剛剛學(xué)會(huì)的方法輕松、張口朗讀。

嘴巴重新習(xí)慣需要時(shí)間。所以，請?jiān)趯W(xué)習(xí)第2、3、4天，輕松復(fù)習(xí)第1天學(xué)習(xí)的發(fā)音，并張口練習(xí)。這時(shí)，不用重新看視頻，只需要讀一讀單詞、簡單句子。

3.鞏固訓(xùn)練

在平時(shí)自己朗讀自己喜歡的文章時(shí)，特意留意學(xué)會(huì)的新的發(fā)音。這是進(jìn)步的最后一步。如果自己沒有調(diào)整，還是按照自己以前的發(fā)音方法，那就沒進(jìn)步了!

如果按照這樣的步驟，認(rèn)真練習(xí)，任何一個(gè)自己不會(huì)的發(fā)音，每位朋友都可以在1周內(nèi)熟練掌握。1個(gè)月內(nèi)就可以掌握所有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美式發(fā)音了。

4.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

如果學(xué)習(xí)過美國Paul老師的教程，還覺得不夠。再推薦一個(gè)視頻教程：

美國 Lisa 老師的——Lisa美語視頻教程。請按照同樣的反復(fù)，每次學(xué)習(xí)30分鐘吧

5.美式發(fā)音技巧

當(dāng)字母R出現(xiàn)在最后一個(gè)字母位置的時(shí)候，要發(fā)卷舌音。

當(dāng)字母R的后面緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的時(shí)候，這里的R要發(fā)音/r/

美式發(fā)音中的第二個(gè)特征,是關(guān)于美式濁化音。比如letter這個(gè)單詞，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十濁化成發(fā)音/d/，有點(diǎn)類似ladder了。.

口語app

扇貝口語

這是一款旨在讓用戶“聽得懂、說得出”的英語口語學(xué)習(xí)app，適合所有階段人群，扇貝口語的課程系統(tǒng)完善，而且形式比較豐富，包括角色扮演，發(fā)音打分和故事模式，通過跟讀以及聽音復(fù)述和智能打分的形式，幫助培養(yǎng)開口習(xí)慣，糾正發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤。

流利說英語

這是一款智能口語打分軟件，內(nèi)置各種以場景為主題的課程，你可以跟讀模仿，然后系統(tǒng)會(huì)根據(jù)你的發(fā)音情況進(jìn)行打分，他的練習(xí)材料非常豐富，從教材到職場，從生活到影視劇，而且都有難度劃分，逐漸升級(jí)。

英語后期學(xué)習(xí)

練習(xí)

后期就要把你珍藏的真題拿出來了，從頭到尾掐準(zhǔn)時(shí)間（可以在開始的時(shí)候把時(shí)間寫在卷題上，結(jié)束對照一下時(shí)間），作文可以先不寫（前5套真題左右，把作文專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一下），一套真題兩三天左右吃透，半個(gè)月時(shí)間把作文好好練習(xí)一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及視頻），做完對照答案，（如何分析和做閱讀，前面的文章已經(jīng)講過了）分?jǐn)?shù)依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，單詞、語法、閱讀速度還是注意力的問題。

背單詞

單詞不用說，該背還要背，這個(gè)時(shí)間可以有側(cè)重點(diǎn)的背，同時(shí)還需要把重點(diǎn)放在真題中單詞上來，一定要注意熟詞僻義。

閱讀

仔細(xì)思考做題過程中的這個(gè)題做錯(cuò)了，為什么做錯(cuò)，我當(dāng)初怎么想的，答案又是怎么說的，有沒有了解出題人的意圖，帶著這些問題，把錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)分析一遍，做個(gè)小結(jié)，在題旁邊標(biāo)注，屬于哪種錯(cuò)誤，是粗心大意還是單詞或者翻譯錯(cuò)誤等；其次是單詞，這個(gè)單詞我背過嗎，是生詞還是背過忘了，然后查出這個(gè)單詞，記在自己的單詞本或者在單詞出處記下來，第二天背下來。

作文

怎么構(gòu)思，如果這次試卷就是考試，我該從哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的詞，背的好詞好句有沒有用上等；最后就是總結(jié)，把閱讀、單詞、作文遇到的問題做個(gè)總結(jié)，做個(gè)規(guī)劃去處理，然后第二天去復(fù)習(xí)，直到這張?jiān)嚲砟阏J(rèn)為沒有什么價(jià)值了，那么你復(fù)盤總結(jié)就是成功的。

總結(jié)

最后說一下完成這個(gè)階段所需的時(shí)間，我建議用兩個(gè)月去完成是比較合適的。不要拖太長時(shí)間，不要在學(xué)習(xí)的舒適區(qū)呆太久。我們是需要感覺到自己在進(jìn)步，需要有很多正反饋才能繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語是國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言，是金融界語言，是空中交通管制語言，是流行音樂的語言，涵蓋了人類生活的方方面面，學(xué)好英語就如同打開了一扇世界之窗，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"我國是經(jīng)濟(jì)大國，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"普及英語更是國情需要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX6vMqZxgns9mjfIR7aq1sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuxF06Stq6O0au8uSuOPYpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背詞的方法因人而異，但是萬變不離其宗，就是要多寫、多讀，還要多用。背單詞的目的不單單是要會(huì)念會(huì)寫，既然是從零開始，那么首先要掌握的必然是26個(gè)字母和48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音和寫法了。我這邊先為大家介紹一下音標(biāo)的讀法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6EDeaDDgCKE7rfIdqGbkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb49IWExsMuUEFu2UaJXJve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.單元音：前元音[i]、[e]、[ae] ；中元音︰[A]、[o:]；后元音︰[u:]、[u]、[o:]、[o]、[a:]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniR0xoQAwPp10oxZK30iSEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.雙元音：開合雙元音：[ei]、[ai]、[oi]、[ou]、[au]、[ie]、[eo]、[u=]","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnplvNfSsOsmD0Ew7pLWWvYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3輔音：爆破音：清輔音[p]、[t]、[k]；濁輔音：[b]、[d]、[g]；摩擦音：清輔音：[f]、[s]、[O]、[h]；濁輔音：[v]、[z]、[]、[6]、[r]；爆破音：[t]、[tr]、[ts]；濁輔音：[d3]、[dr]、[dz]；鼻音：[m]、[n]、[n]；半元音：[0]、[w]。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr4W5QwCQzCNSki5B4w4f1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)的話可以在該視頻鏈接中跟著老師一塊學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)音標(biāo)","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2050891487235808454","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmrhR5MK4nmR5LR8O6yQbeT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)單詞視頻鏈接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEgeoWLZT4M4vORBJtoqLLe"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":361,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d114326deab49c480e654ffd1f9d54f","width":541},"text":"","id":"doxcnairL6iMHNXUIUXQWFns3Xf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5e01826bc7c463bb1d21b8104a6125b","width":801},"text":"","id":"doxcn3CuDAaHWIiqedjSEzdZQAh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下的內(nèi)容是我總結(jié)出的關(guān)于單詞的一個(gè)分類總結(jié)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn53I7b7m3kN67hW4gpQX3RL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名詞（n.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCEvxlGEHLswaa0vbrbckDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語名詞是用來表示人或事物名稱的詞。按照不同的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞；可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlh4Q7ODsYMrPE3dOHqNoNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、專有名詞(Proper?noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR6TnhMLEYpJw1ryAxAmzrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是特定的某個(gè)人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。如：Newton牛頓，San?Francisco舊金山，Russia俄羅斯，United?Nations聯(lián)合國。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBCCyEqVmEbSdNcB9muoCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、普通名詞(common?noun)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl1ianjNpY7UeYT7NONx8Tc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"它是某一類人、事物或某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。如：lawyer律師，market市場，computer計(jì)算機(jī)，rice大米，magazine雜志，freedom自由。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6apgNhL7YDhIk2YR0LASd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、可數(shù)名詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO5sgpnXlfExWljLK6k8jvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西，因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：cup(杯子)，cat(貓)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNkCrVRH82Vs0gk5p63jEWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、不可數(shù)名詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOfaRKPfZJ2Zo3f8H7sg3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，不可以分成個(gè)體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西；它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a/an。如：milk(牛奶)，bread(面包)，coffee(咖啡)等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLP6OPA4MTCcx2rDoRg7rgb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"動(dòng)詞（V.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYNTDByFinTiEhgxl7a7be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語動(dòng)詞簡稱“v.”。 一般就是用來表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞匯?；旧厦總€(gè)完整的句子都有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，要表示第二個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)可使用不定詞、動(dòng)名詞、對等連接詞、從屬連接詞或增加子句等方法連結(jié)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ8Q65VgXDg6bepX5Vlwrlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":263,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"動(dòng)詞（V.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdfc24fcf3c74882b6733a2e0564f219","width":394},"text":"","id":"doxcnxTqUgHQi8WqmTzrpQu4ivd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代詞（pron.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfsEIzKKEq0j2RWhn1N48od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類.大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能.英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種。（如下圖列舉幾種）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndsFHK3R6gNvxsJd1aUxkHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":455,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"代詞（pron.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6e8fee47985459b8094da91f5f86d7c","width":759},"text":"","id":"doxcnAsAOXgbji1P5RzMlotVHgf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"介詞（prep）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRtesECJsl86mR1qUYgs9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。（部分介詞的用法如下圖）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu1XVviQ72RjwYgSua9K8xb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"介詞（prep）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc32ba278a1a40f79cd9f71dc136dead","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnbEPt5AzCqILJzhzL5bXq3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"數(shù)詞（num.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAq7rSQz3DQTTZQhJl39uYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞。英語中的數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞是表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1wgNeJ6qn8Yao2SmB6vMUd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基數(shù)詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnovWPOlFExe9UzzvYp5D9Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目多少，它包括表示數(shù)字的所有單詞，記憶這些數(shù)字可以用數(shù)字構(gòu)成分類記憶法。下圖是我整理的一個(gè)簡單的總結(jié)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCP0gi16U8k9D1h0ggZPxEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基數(shù)詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee1958c69bd144168cc326122e935f26","width":746},"text":"","id":"doxcnz8OW1aZaKBlutmiDFjMZvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"基數(shù)的作用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOUnBqmYZWWcD5ebTKQwRmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下圖，是我整理的關(guān)于基數(shù)作用的歸納。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhwSd4gdMvXljnnexunADf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基數(shù)詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a8cc972e1d44a05a3e16af51e77f074","width":795},"text":"","id":"doxcnu6JCG3zhbQ2JZHIYFCeg7n"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNd2QMlUsW4a7QQxY4Bz9jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞用來表示次序，在漢語中表示為“第幾”，如：第一(first)、第二(second)、第三(third)...。序數(shù)詞在書寫時(shí)可以縮寫first縮寫為1st，second縮寫為2nd,third縮寫為3rd。下圖是我總結(jié)整理的一個(gè)具體變換樣式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7wJeogWPgEKgp2DJpUjovd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":248,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a1f2103a8015417f852c554a3cb720b7","width":439},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IJuGKCRF4sdMOsC68UIGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞除了第一，第二，第三或個(gè)位數(shù)為一，二，三結(jié)尾的序數(shù)詞外，其它序數(shù)詞都是以-th結(jié)尾的，縮寫也是對應(yīng)的數(shù)字加-th，如fourth(第四)縮寫為4th。同時(shí)也要注意第五、第八、第九、第十二的拼寫變化。下圖是我總結(jié)整理的變換樣式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnb17IQMLHEk3C6TcRW5PXie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fc46918e11c46c6b7c7fc36f92d9bac","width":563},"text":"","id":"doxcn6U6rQAkruuAM1tVzDR7QNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"20-90整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞需要將對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞詞尾中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加eth構(gòu)成。 21-99非整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞需要十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞。十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間用連字符“-”連接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnog1pLNpDDqAqGebm8xMW5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下圖是我整理的20-90整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞和21-99非整十位數(shù)序數(shù)詞的部分內(nèi)容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjb9X9jgK4or1tSLa93Ukyd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":255,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e47a0ea2ec9849a09c9b843612ceca54","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnj9iMee8eyg0TsyAAnAQKld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"序數(shù)詞的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1zQvWJnkEguR0fWt0XUXzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞the?？梢杂脕肀硎卷樞?、樓層、編號(hào)、日期中的日等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8R1OLRlbnmUNBbYNOZI3Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.1.用來表示順序，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3BOQ063TyoGw6kGwe98SQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am always the first to come to school.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhFPHKUz2nRivPKgw9Y7kkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我總是第一個(gè)來學(xué)校的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRA2j1N5MF9lRQnKDE6jbqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.2.用來表示樓層，如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORD5KBBDjLRkPHxnXvVu5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My aunt lives on the fourth floor.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAtW1eyAgbUMMvUO34hXf8m"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我姑媽住在四樓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndV8H1OWQ7ZRZh61zziVGee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.3.用來表示編號(hào),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:the +序數(shù)詞+名詞=名詞(首字母要大寫) +基數(shù)詞。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQi6GBYiKZ9RypRLGstSonc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第九部分the ninth part=Part nine","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJGDvyoRlf13B6fZk6S37Ib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四課the fourth lesson=Lesson Four","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnntosWHt503kQCJRNraH9Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六段the sixth paragraph= Paragraph six","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JQFe7QOZuUFsV3sUwnwMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"溫馨提示:編號(hào)較大時(shí)，一般僅用第二種表達(dá)法。Room 101，表示101號(hào)房間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASpg96TjmioiSgBPlCDR7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.4.用來表示年、月、日: "年"用基數(shù)詞， “日用序數(shù)詞”，如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYUQWucoGUt2Tdl0pPHlzDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1949年10月1日一寫法：Oct. 1st, 1949.讀作：Oct.(the) first，nineteen forty-nine.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntcPUSm22TTPF3CCTNbYhtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2017年2月28日一寫法：February 28th，2017讀作：February， (the) twenty-eighth，two","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno6PL39A3Vfjayd4yy3ARZZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"thousand and seventeen.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6bri8oRhtnjIxRA2CMfCZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.5.序數(shù)詞作"幾分之幾”時(shí),有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWulPJ9ZStHilTAu14qiKqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1/5→one fifth; 2/3→two thirds；4/7→four sevenths；1/2→a half；1/4→one fourth =a quarter；3/4→three fourths =three quarters；50%→ fty hundredths ( fty percent).","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpVYZOz8vVd6PUUk7ahvCFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.3.6.有些序數(shù)詞可以構(gòu)成固定詞組和習(xí)語,如: ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBu1TNOlgctvRBdDXzI4XYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三考慮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL50XgJiaMu8NzIfgIKHkPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"frst of all首先","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEmu4pu0u3J7JxoVPtdzgdf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"at first當(dāng)初","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrtiVST8ICM0IHlsldPtSib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"from first to last從頭到尾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM6R6Asbxv5FaYt4CAPagwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"on second thoughts再三思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX8mtXgkZI2ee63TaOpx9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"second to none名列前茅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR1IIFsDaBmw7yPpCoq3ccf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"形容詞（adj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnebm8nfkllzjMjXkoFXGVNK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遇到一個(gè)生詞的時(shí)候要先查字典，看看這個(gè)詞有幾個(gè)詞性，每一詞性下對應(yīng)的意思是什么；其次，查找這個(gè)單詞衍生出的其它詞性的單詞，例如：credit（信譽(yù)）是名詞，加上詞綴-ible之后變?yōu)閏redible（可信的；可靠地)，作形容詞和副詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMqyHOtXSEadbbOs7hb3Ac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語形容詞可以根據(jù)詞尾來識(shí)別。常見的形容詞結(jié)尾如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0nh7wQ05TVDsox28qM19Dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-able/-ible:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" credible, achievable, gullible, capable, illegible, sensible, remarkable, horrible","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpHo2orVvzX8MZ8n7Mh2yEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-al:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" annual, functional, individual, logical, essential","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnspwpQ9oPCLzynHHexaKlkT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ful:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" awful, cheerful, doubtful, faithful, forceful","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaxzjCIiMWym1Qp5x17pobg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ic:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" terrific, cubic, manic, rustic","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLv6TOhxiY5GzmxzytVGIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ive:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" intensive, adaptive, attractive, dismissive, inventive, persuasive","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6qXOIEBfUPOy3k5ymrDaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"●-less: ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"doubtless, endless, fearless, helpless, homeless, breathless, car, groundless, restless","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZnhqTT6irXSy1Qc36p2mEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"●","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"-ous:","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" adventurous, famous, generous, courageous, dangerous, tremen, fabulous.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A5f4GIZ1f9bV95fRjzOob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"副詞（adv.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4K7kYFLB50w4U46uanZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"說到副詞對于初學(xué)者來說還有一個(gè)大塊兒頭是一定要記憶的，就是副詞的十三種分類。記住這個(gè)的話，副詞的主要脈絡(luò)就抓住了。比如：副詞表示方式、程度、時(shí)間什么的。但是，這里只說第一種，因?yàn)槿腴T就是從簡單的開始說，副詞記住就是作狀語，來修飾動(dòng)詞的。就這么簡單。在句子中的位置放哪里都行。下圖是作者整理的總結(jié)性歸納。圖一和圖二進(jìn)行銜接觀看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjsOeDiLcaY5OTNNsUcrTRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副詞（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d69383ad88904ff2ba42f7ebb18bf446","width":637},"text":"","id":"doxcnctrOmPeJgC8S8Gb66TaJt6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBSvGMnH5nuJHgL1H7y7Yg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"副詞（adv.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b87a3c83cd3047888188472e17a8e6e8","width":635},"text":"","id":"doxcn1modnqtebcTjCaqTOR68k9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqDcDQ5LWl79VebIF4K4JFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"冠詞（art.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniUVR0tZOrjRqQK1h0Ou6ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFYjjhDrCwcWOA7ETG9bVUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a,an是不定冠詞，只用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意思。a用在以輔音開頭的詞前面；an用在以元音開頭的詞之前，如：a day;a boy;an apple等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ubgb6aXZ7Bc9eS0kPT46g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"定冠詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfi2HNoomvn17DTcIYkgc09"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"the是定冠詞，表示“這”“那”“這些”“哪些”的意思。可以用在單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞之前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBparDtLKVxYcR9GvviFz1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"冠詞的基本用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnby0Uyt6vA5a0OgGZO8R9TR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnen9rEqIh5wr1DyXJLM4pDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I have a cute dog.我有一只可愛的小狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxn2fdC3csmbbzZUxdQySWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8UdMEZhM36UlFVYuuz88U"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(The ) cars are important in the westem counties.汽汽在西國家非常要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnejQxE0ObCzRl49Zw8Mkq5w"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不可數(shù)名詞前可用定冠詞或不定冠詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9HwLBBNXyxnXz18KPYNKOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Oil is lighter than water.油比水輕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndCOSG1zaN1RTJM6zXwhPwB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbLyKedELK0ZQHetc2qvLlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Beijing is the capital of China.北京中國的首都。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFKHIGNrOdtq7ZDOOrDeAeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不定冠詞a，an一般有any或one的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念，只用來泛指事物，說明其名稱或種類","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHNa28SDN6Cph6cAtbwEgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)當(dāng)?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄飼r(shí)，用a或an起介紹作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLNrD9qIvnZA7AVlFmEggNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She is a teacher.她是一位老師。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxqtPLYChGJVOX2ex4UZCuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)表示泛指某一類人或物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnefWis0FFsWLkWr0cf3eXdd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A snake is a cold-blood animal.蛇是一種冷血?jiǎng)游铩?,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKbikLl4nEr4mXUtXbgJ9pb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)表示某一類人或事物的任何一 個(gè)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPkrN3VdxO5OIzF8rzxFlA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This is a cat.這是一只貓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJFy1p8IOJnESgClWa6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)用于抽象名詞之前，使抽象名詞具體化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgkY45Ul9TbMWHxbLBcABe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"It is a pity that you are late.很遺憾你遲到了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj7fYGtJ9xwbzhcBUwlSCng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The ltte child is a joy to his parents.這個(gè)孩子給他的父母帶來了很多歡樂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5aN09PLUQc5I3Tz5iYpoNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)用于物質(zhì)名詞之前，使物質(zhì)名詞普通化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn30GLVplhVUCKSRSOkMMo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They made a fire to get warm.他們生火取暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYtcymoKKzcucKclvGEMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19vNhHNag5VnNodx3zNxT5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" (1) 當(dāng)不定冠詞所修飾的那個(gè)名詞的第一個(gè)音(不是字母，而是讀音)為元音時(shí)，不定冠詞要用an，而以輔音開頭時(shí)用a.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBvYWKfziOFfvG1ad9fVFcd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)在使用不定冠詞時(shí)，要特別注意縮略詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn58yFtBw66IIwDaZ3C95LEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"an unidentified flying object一個(gè)不明飛行物?？s略詞: a UFO.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrhZ71AK9Q8SoQYndoiZFyb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"連詞（conj.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5ltxUFxOFfSAoDke4vyajc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"連詞可以分成兩類，一類是表示并列關(guān)系的連詞。比如and, but, either…or, neither…nor等；一類是從屬連詞，用于引出從句，比如主語從句，賓語從句，狀語從句等，比如that, if, when, so, for等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpK9ncNqDTc9CaVilhT3Jhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"并列連詞又可以分成三類，一類是表示選擇的并列關(guān)系的， 主要有or表示或者，否則，either...or不是...就是...，neither...nor....也不....例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuNgYATQKgT9yCvRo46zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What is your favoite，singing or dancing?什么是你的最愛?唱歌還是跳舞?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjvj48VBiz9KDIkm6e33uh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like neither singing nor dancing.我既不喜歡唱歌也不喜歡跳舞.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetCcs49rR98ehs8SWALA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Either you or he tells her the truth. 要么你告訴她真相，要么他告訴她真相。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQNBhmwSU5nlrLkPMvj4gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"另一類是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞， 主要有but但是，while而等。 例句如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnldk9C8HN6cpjGWIuZIsL0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing but dancing. 我喜歡唱歌但不喜歡跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvLchdOUrD1rqyz0tzoi6lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like singing, while my sister likes dancing. 我喜歡唱歌，而我姐姐喜歡跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPqYrMeKe1pLgKwzwE0u9Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"還有就是表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞，比如and，bot...and，以及as...等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn81q42VaPhwB34mKZkhHYVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't waste food and time.不要浪費(fèi)食物和時(shí)間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfktjQAKXprUub3d0Kfd7Df"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This box is three times as big as that one.這個(gè)箱子比那個(gè)大三倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncU8nJZJpElc8hXZcCtLaNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從屬連詞主要根據(jù)狀語的類型來分類。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞類型比較多，包括表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)”的when，while，as或whenever；表示“在…之前或之后”的befroe和after；表示“自從或直到”的since，till和untile；表示“一…就…”的as soon as等。","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxBAFUHs2OEIpYxk12TqBLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was singing when she danced.當(dāng)她在跳舞時(shí)，我在唱歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAREmDqwVTcVyeMfekp8Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I sang when she was dancing.我唱歌時(shí)她正在跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9nZGHg3qjRbxcpbCeQk7Dd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"She danced as soon as I sang.我一唱歌，她就跳舞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7R7I1pQxMhebtZ70zwTbVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：because，for，as，since等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ALH2rXBhCbfLxyRJ2q9oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study s go to the best school.因?yàn)槲蚁肷献詈玫膶W(xué)校，所以我才這么努力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZZudbpp1b7AOJtX4HLDrvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：in order that，so that，in case等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNtRaJ4Vv5uKKBM85ZS8Hid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I study so hard in order that I can go to the best school.我如此努力是為了能上最好的學(xué)校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ2XyPb2NfO9wmu1WwtTgVq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有：so that，so...that，such..that等。例句如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz0RL2HuHfBmXZpbd29YVFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I studied so hard that I went to the best school.我學(xué)習(xí)那么努力，所以我上了最好的學(xué)校。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzFkfvrRcyWRslP4YNaR2wb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感嘆詞（int.）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniNo5Lt2yplNLe2agTxtUyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語感嘆詞有：indeed、Ah、what、dear、well、now、there、man、boy。下圖是我整理的一個(gè)總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDvFxM9TJTIietGQn6RItMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感嘆詞（int.）","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8a52664b070d4ca2b8e5f5dac3ede2ed","width":914},"text":"","id":"doxcn2mfJ14h5MQ1872rJaYD7ge"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOir01JItbm8zkBMQIFrMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我們熟悉了解音標(biāo)和單詞之后我們就可以為自己制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃了。以下是我總結(jié)出的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，方法不一定適應(yīng)每個(gè)人，但是希望會(huì)對大家有一個(gè)幫助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO6SyAUawTd0bOXmIEyq7Th"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.我們可以將5500個(gè)常見詞匯分為30-50個(gè)Unit，每天背誦一個(gè)Unit（100-200個(gè)單詞），一個(gè)月就可以完成一輪背誦，然后第二、三個(gè)月進(jìn)行第二輪、三輪鞏固復(fù)習(xí)。當(dāng)然，每天早上背完一個(gè)新的Unit之后，我們需要在第30分鐘、晚上、第2天、第4天、第7天、第15天及第30天、對每個(gè)單元進(jìn)行及時(shí)重復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXZrxfyR3uLIJucYleZmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.【具體方法】：早上：拿一張白紙擋住中文意思，只看英文單詞開始背誦，勾出不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。背完一個(gè)Unit之后，立刻把勾出的單詞再背一遍（依舊遮住中文意思），","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"如果還是有某個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，就再打勾背誦；30分鐘后：把勾出來的單詞重新自測一遍；晚上：睡前把打了2次及以上勾的單詞重新自測一遍。以此類推，反復(fù)記憶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6zJRsNTiqwrslqkdVHGgf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.【注意要點(diǎn)】：一定要嚴(yán)格按照表格重復(fù)，不要偷懶！不要偷懶！不要偷懶！如果偷懶一次，漏下一兩個(gè)單元，今天耽誤了，那明天想補(bǔ)救就會(huì)很難。比如，你3月20號(hào)背誦了Unit 12，你不僅要在30分鐘后和晚上睡覺之前復(fù)習(xí)兩遍Unit 10，你還需要在背完Unit 12后同步復(fù)習(xí)之前背過的Unit 9、Unit 8、Unit 6、Unit 3。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBOKtBWoGR6lvFb2PoVOtkG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":623,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/df53042596234797a2367ea8abb73e4d","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnOFskaqaB9SjBk45NQep5oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作者在這邊也分享一下自己學(xué)習(xí)單詞的視頻鏈接：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://v.qq.com/x/page/u33089etcsv.html","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，該視頻里可以幫大家有效的學(xué)習(xí)到單詞的讀音，同時(shí)在視頻中也教給大家如何利用學(xué)到的音標(biāo)來進(jìn)行拼讀單詞。如果有興趣學(xué)習(xí)的小伙伴們可以跟著視頻進(jìn)行單詞的學(xué)習(xí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTCkkzyQZTOBUXECbvYv2Wf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"APP推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK09UosVIi2YiwQHFV86yCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"百詞斬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjHXslIAexQp0yTProWlEBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全民用的最多最火的背單詞神器，下載量高達(dá)3億，評(píng)分超級(jí)高。關(guān)鍵是適合不同年齡層次的人，可根據(jù)自己的身份選擇不同的單詞文本，有小學(xué)、初中、高中、大學(xué)、四六級(jí)、專業(yè)六級(jí)、八級(jí)，適合零基礎(chǔ)的成年人從頭開始學(xué)習(xí)。還有不同的背單詞場景，根據(jù)不同的圖片背誦單詞，記憶效果很好，對零基礎(chǔ)的成年人很友好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CtsMkPF3eTYq1eeCCgiUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":472,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"百詞斬","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ca60072b39a4dd0968f04ce7a5ad419","width":705},"text":"","id":"doxcnerUpvZmVMFL415XQ3QSH6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"滬江開心詞場","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfmEVymN9J6brAtEO8nWtrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"趣味性極強(qiáng)的背單詞神器，成功解決了背單詞枯燥無味的問題。這個(gè)APP最大的特點(diǎn)就是，在闖關(guān)的過程中，順便把單詞背誦了，輕松有趣，很適合成年人在上下班地鐵上背誦。闖關(guān)的過程，也是檢驗(yàn)?zāi)闶欠裾莆諉卧~的過程，不記住，闖不了關(guān)，讓你干著急，激發(fā)你的闖關(guān)欲望。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYBcUZCaoSITDt6e3u8sKzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":413,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"滬江開心詞場","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77de72759c014619be3edabcb1125495","width":619},"text":"","id":"doxcnEIIrzeOWtYG6s4bZMYXaWv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扇貝單詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrBHwj7AdcE2gFJvFpXxaGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不僅可以背單詞，還可以做筆記。和其他APP不一樣，這個(gè)軟件背誦單詞的速度飛快，不過還會(huì)有第二輪的檢驗(yàn)，反復(fù)鞏固，加強(qiáng)背誦效果。背誦之前，還會(huì)問你認(rèn)不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，如果不認(rèn)識(shí)，出現(xiàn)的頻率會(huì)更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlePYP6B3qvZFrr1gHL6yKN"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"扇貝單詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a6b251107d3400d9cc7bd1f7a1af1a2","width":785},"text":"","id":"doxcnpaLd0wRL7VZ23gphHs0wph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"語法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCxFyqXKxXgSk6M6CkwLYEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們認(rèn)識(shí)了單詞之后，就可以來了解每個(gè)單詞組成句子的語法問題。其實(shí)任何一門學(xué)科都是由淺入深的，英語也不例外。學(xué)習(xí)語法就像造房子，首先要把基礎(chǔ)的語法脈絡(luò)理清，打好根基，之后再慢慢補(bǔ)充和拓展，讓知識(shí)鞏固起來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPOeGocuMzPCdkNQBdmHxjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語語法最基礎(chǔ)的就是簡單句的組成，之后我們才會(huì)慢慢了解到并列句、復(fù)合句以及從句，以下是我總結(jié)出的語法內(nèi)容，我們一起來看看吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27kKkfooGNBXIP4Zxx3Z8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單句語法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaJy8VEpjdj6hlFLRREf2Dg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有的句子都是通過簡單句而組合的，只不過句子的結(jié)構(gòu)拓寬了一點(diǎn)， 詞匯豐富了一點(diǎn)，從而演變?yōu)槠渌拈L句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG1g4SMQNGSLQaJhbNS2u4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.主謂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSsdyyIbBacwGufN9q1Ljy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂就是主語 + 謂語的組合，比如：Spring comes 。這句話中主語是spring ，謂語是 comes 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVkN3z1OEZX66FHA74jLG2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主語就是引領(lǐng)句子的開頭部分，是一個(gè)句子的主體，英文是 subject ，我們用字母 S 代替。謂語可以理解為動(dòng)詞，英文是 verb，我們用字母 v 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvO6pufvGXZAnG9B5mCS8ub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.主謂賓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmYsoQlFh2Vg4paDNGw6bcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根據(jù)字面的意思就是主語 + 謂語 + 賓語組合而成的句子，比如 ： I love you .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbtx9eCItlnoOZQkq3k1Fhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這句話中主語是 i ，謂語是 love ，賓語就是在謂語后面的詞，這里是 you。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkROuofxsCDFtOur8IpHyDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"賓語的英文是 object，這里用字母 o 代替。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniN76YN2qs3OiVRGSv0p6vc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.主謂賓賓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThUEgQqMU70kOj1b4CSQYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主語 + 謂語 + 賓語+ 賓語的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLPqIHpvrh27HH092gOT4oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的兩個(gè)賓語都是謂語動(dòng)詞所產(chǎn)生作用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTeMZtDsE6ttx0Xrrd5vKaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：I give you money .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2pcOY1lf9ggGINF9T1O4Jl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的 you 和 money 都是 give 的賓語，give you 和 give money ，所以都是兩個(gè)賓語。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAdsX6Hwd12M5h5tvdR7Xec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrTqqGQ2wNHk6kvbuvuXYze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主語 + 謂語 + 賓語+ 賓補(bǔ)的句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvVbyOMLWBe5OLURd0FZCkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 ：It makes me happy .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpuev3tXTY45i7tAMXH8mgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的 me 是 make 的賓語，但是 happy 不是 make 的賓語。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj1jiujWYbkApSgX8njYdne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"happy 是 me 的形容詞，是一個(gè)賓補(bǔ)，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語，起到了補(bǔ)充說明的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOtZhb7oXorBivpETAwnHZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意 ：區(qū)分主謂賓賓和主謂賓賓補(bǔ)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaXCewUaMSIFiUFYjKxYmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂賓賓中的兩個(gè)賓語都是謂語所產(chǎn)生的作用詞，而主謂賓賓補(bǔ)中賓補(bǔ)是賓語的形容詞，與謂語沒有任何關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmzqMJ5W3shDYYdTBCzT9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.主系表","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9Os59ogFDKLfyxMiGdkhQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的系代表系動(dòng)詞。包含三個(gè)類別","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntkh1Czp5EzORdX1aL4b58g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A be 動(dòng)詞 ： am is are was were","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGjzv2rQWkZcH2gtgJiRAlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B 感官動(dòng)詞 （五官）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGzjUgHpHLyfq1Y8Whafjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"look 看起來","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRQ6Kn3egjiLYtvBYfllzoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sound 聽起來","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAp44KkbWgO0whufxhMPhZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"smell 聞起來","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQNBIRWNxwkBYHmzhHUIbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"taste 嘗起來","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSpGrlCfNd7fu5MjVZnGDwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"feel 摸著....感覺......","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSnsqUOkpiOZRvKB717V6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C 變化動(dòng)詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDnZOPCHrsiUvjgYYDQz36b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"become / turn / go / get / grow","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcK22Lfg7dOiKvh6iVIR4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這里的表是代表表語，包括名詞、形容詞、介賓短語、不定式todo","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM0Qsi6sVQ1lQdVpdB4W43d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如 you are beautiful 這句話中，you 是主語，are 是系動(dòng)詞，beautiful 是表語。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlu1gGIOyBcyiYk7G6zBcGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句語法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K5WyFO9t3xyXzGmJumjCX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單句通過不同的連接詞就成為了不同的句子，通過并列詞成了并列句，通過從屬連詞成了復(fù)合句。下面我們就一一講解 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8bhZbi9IlyJd7r551DbNtc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句：簡單句+并列詞+簡單句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJjw6p4uviFj384dseJb2Mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列詞一般有：and/or/but/so/while/yet/for/however，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0xGsWUZkMHCckTkzzaOyxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.表示并列：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn27j7rX5678xpGTJ0XuhVHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7kLDR0jeB84Ofv04m7F8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxwbAhygM7A7FhOcX5wo6Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.表示選擇：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6vbMtVlXLoc4s4eIC4Woew"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"or，or else，otherwise，either...or...","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntPQounOFqkqGWKjY3fEsrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Hurry or you won't make the train.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4zMWhhDgyStp6fn5cfqCpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7ovsvA1tEQCm4N4RYJQcAC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"but，whileyet，however，never，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCATnSoOHXbbwBTVBJAlE0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I like tea while she likes coffee.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX43vgUOKbiPPtlXexw5Owe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.表示原因：for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyRCBm4cLabeGoN6z2KpT7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am thirsty , for it is hot .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmnvydZUKe0g0rCgnLRIxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)合句：簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZBqbcKAkuwKo4V3rdXDk1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"從屬連詞有：that /wether/if。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFHd9a34MVmPvDKAMqvSFe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"從句語法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJZqqCmGi3IQMLrakiBPIHc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"名詞性從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLDUabdoQXotYo468TrAglf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)名詞性從句作為句子的不同成分時(shí)，又被稱呼為不同的名字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZm4Fot0gwpFTFEQXAQNNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)作為主語時(shí)，稱為主語從句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRqtpDhC0iURGHaJkYhaIqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)稱為賓語時(shí)，稱為賓語從句，同樣表語從句以及同位語從句。以下我們來舉個(gè)栗子 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8rE1CL4XhBkcFSAn56SOnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主語從句 What she said is wrong .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu09Y7LyO4xluUx9FRZo86W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"賓語從句 I said that she was wrong.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3CnOkb1yIB3pvDNkpA8v1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表語從句 The fact is that he doesn’t really try.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzc6fLFEeQjjreChZzbVCbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位語從句 The news that he will come back is ture.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkCHCX4gJvts46v5fbPDbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"記住一點(diǎn)，不管什么從句，你把它當(dāng)成一個(gè)”長一點(diǎn)的名詞”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx6EcNa7gJXReAqxIDkUpth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"那如果這個(gè)長名詞在句子中作主語，就是主語從句，作賓語就是賓語從句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoHRJCXnkKJ6KoWRA6963S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位語從句就是相當(dāng)于一個(gè)長點(diǎn)的名詞對另外一個(gè)抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZGgiKPR3Hd49uDpmQAT2qi"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlLd9Lf8BZFw89envDMpwNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修飾限定名詞，漢語中“的”前面的內(nèi)容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk11n8EwFH0hxVcCfIoEhef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGb18qxj1ZSpaHaTraL2Xfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.who指人，在從句中做主語 Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?lost?his?way.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19AF8EqfjswU1uQ8fYqjpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.?whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2isjftuM4vRySpCopRsxEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Mr.?Ling?is?just?the?boy?whom?I?want?to?see","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISuz5ChabNzCWx7W1RWh7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.?which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUxL7PkeYA5GpLALH2bQ5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"This?is?the?pen?(which)?he?bought?yesterday.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFzUyHQf7gLI6JaNt6092lO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.?that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who?或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzr9vw3cdap0CSf5tPTXIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoY8cakONmsdHcBCWAjZZRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"指的是誰的。Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover?is?yellow?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlnHzXxRxNy1P6xsKAyt8Xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTyuo7WXgIOPuSRs5t31kNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"when where why","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOMggk4tuYr2Spl8l4HNsf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetlithDV41CEd5qrnBOnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"修飾動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna99jgP4VRqKUDFCh1c0Vqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.時(shí)間狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK557GoXuRB0DepI9eUEKVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY9A3WRHvEoZyRH4mgBxWBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO9mpSScZPXVqMdMxTV5cig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I was fat when I was a child.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUvKv5TzXCc7qPGjfkmXre6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhrRk2C9ELJZJVRBRFS217b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：where","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDPoCjDYcuHEdKpc5uTxNTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyse40io4DSVHmpndgooDRk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Keep it where you can see it.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBE3v8P8OvbFztN2CEJHyPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.原因狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKgw4c1MB3hciTwGsIHjD1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpEIyogb586tuihCV0oW2jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGxscoAEJ5Hdr7z3X43MDxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"My friends dislike me because I’m beautiful .","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnTL2ta9nONJbiLE9UwMlwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.目的狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSC7TsYeNceQ8DSYpw8Hy1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDJovz1SBH3hMLfu5A1gbX5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugOpDvFF16uZHkeI3takyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"study hard so that you can pass the exam.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7o1MZIjrqwbKzgKqWMeMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5.結(jié)果狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6JgIgQ5oAdYmVRBnISWiLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncA6YkRxHow0L2KdBaFJeie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl56POCYiYeSN1q2fAHcBHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He got up so early that he caught the first bus.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFD9lnwoLuipHftNbM8tYjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6.條件狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNDWXvBCRyhkXuXxvbeG0hb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkzKtd2JK04n2D60buHq7lg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnutMRwJ7rM6y457Wge0i2cd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"If you ask him, he will help you.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngjxiUiCjgdn5evgZ8yW83c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7.方式狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7IZWCwsvJeUciduGkyKwQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUbZEvewwKGKsbxCq3G0PMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsILfEq5J7eJEWbkDTYFoAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Think as i think","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqMqw1ImirgHb4SEhVuDbre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8.比較狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfFrkpc1lo30QWxGEV4g4lh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRZZkeyqPct5gPPL7Sdpd0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpqloCbQ0lWphQhi7W3WGUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The house is three times as big as ours.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP43ykkHwBZZf28Z4XjsPxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9.讓步狀語從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXexLVWzZYULCNnnhpaC0lE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGeI6QqkEmcEB87bc7QDZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndam24WmxWEl6DGz8itqsJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Though I believe it，yet I must consider.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcBctl7G18X76WRBw0X8zf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2ALi5xvrnpCECATJSYi8Aa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"時(shí)態(tài)的本質(zhì)是：時(shí)+態(tài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0RzBG8YNjomvF4EJnMoEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)，一定要把時(shí)和態(tài)分開來看待。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUwbsFqf514uQDXAiB5xr4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I am a teacher.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjOHxFwdf9610xLo0S60HCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這句話，時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在時(shí)”，狀態(tài)是“一般態(tài)”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6yMyrRRViyI6FfWaktCU4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語里有4種時(shí)間：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0dp910IoQD9QmFJOdiTTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"過去，現(xiàn)在，將來，過去將來","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntjdIrt1MCv88xMT18trxIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語里有4種狀態(tài)：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p5k90Evt9vdcUYpzv3bDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般態(tài)：非完成，非進(jìn)行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnyPmiDBiluGbbx0fQvIp4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"進(jìn)行態(tài)：動(dòng)作的延續(xù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniK7Iyckr6AJ5NBxfqhXN2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成態(tài)：在截止時(shí)間時(shí)，完成了的事情","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Oo93t06MB5iqyom10fpdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"完成進(jìn)行態(tài)(幾乎不用)：過去是，到截止時(shí)間是，將來還是的事情(強(qiáng)調(diào)截止時(shí)間)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyJHMdd3b1btfA2I4bBvfXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下圖，兩個(gè)是我整理的筆記內(nèi)容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJUPWwnm2bwJkrv0Z3F3nab"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":424,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc43afcf7e614e7998b8c86efcf8b08e","width":655},"text":"","id":"doxcnacTHReq9vY7EdPLRySxNuR"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":468,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)問題","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/566fb1f28db24d64acf22f83eb98be17","width":732},"text":"","id":"doxcnjvcu0bJIHneLs2da29o5sf"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwgE16aKvniXgn02YKIuAgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.從閱讀時(shí)理解語法，再用語法書夯實(shí)理解而成的專業(yè)知識(shí)。舉一個(gè)典型的例子。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"冠詞the看似簡單","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，實(shí)際上用法難懂變化多端。一本詳細(xì)的語法書通常會(huì)記錄數(shù)十條應(yīng)用the的規(guī)則，及其不計(jì)其數(shù)的不可抗力事件，并且除外中依然存在除外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn13CYDTYmGFMYhO4Z0G0K6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.學(xué)精語法，英語語感比規(guī)則關(guān)鍵。培養(yǎng)閱讀英文的好習(xí)慣。仍以the為例。每一次讀書的時(shí)候難免會(huì)遇到the字?jǐn)?shù)十次，而每次都是看到不同情況，不同類型的句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO7utA8kzs7fho4Rnuqhshx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.讀書時(shí)碰到疑惑，前去閱覽語法書。這時(shí)候，語法書里的復(fù)雜規(guī)則就恰好派上用場了。由于你明白自己要請，都知道這種語法規(guī)則用于具體的語句。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuAo8ooj0JDnIeeXJC9rqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f451eb15afb2491ea7a4abe17603f775","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnIxTn5tMBhHbk6etfGhoFQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWRAe34frk1DPhorGHasOYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以下幾個(gè)圖片是我在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行搜索歸納的總結(jié)性筆記，一列為一種總結(jié)內(nèi)容，圖一至圖四為整體內(nèi)容，圖二銜接圖一結(jié)尾，圖三銜接圖二結(jié)尾，圖四銜接圖三結(jié)尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHM7jS22SIvOiOR7gesRIJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYGhPQ8DSRSQ7k8bVkAmbb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1156,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de26cdad6a4d4848b84ec6dec20cd25c","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnhOznOxYYndRfHlBebxV8If"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzrImd5S33fFzYkuLMB1Thc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1106,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f3c99787a614aef8fe261eeddb92d98","width":1625},"text":"","id":"doxcnBVLTykjbKK4Ic2SInpWwvq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjChnYpwrYqwW8VTRNwVhys"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1138,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0aa8691303a74ab79e69e0a5e5c1d062","width":1623},"text":"","id":"doxcnZ4IPuwd5kjKsPoKgyWNVqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圖四","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMAzKKhpUpFSmKdoFngg9uj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":909,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fe62c47543640af80494914fdad75c7","width":1624},"text":"","id":"doxcnC8K6ks6ssQhrZE1BIokaSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"給大家講了這么多書面上的語法問題，作者在這里給學(xué)習(xí)英語的小伙伴們介紹一下我在學(xué)習(xí)英語時(shí)候借鑒的視頻。視頻中老師充分講解了初步學(xué)習(xí)英語適用的語法問題，在講解的同時(shí)還為大家用例句進(jìn)行了說明。視頻鏈接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av934142897/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMgGOx32f12plxMYnR8Sdn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttxR0Tfpm1yJbn7S4UNEPc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《英語魔法師之語法俱樂部》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVgJWo7kmf56Z05lOQ9Y1gb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本書內(nèi)容非常簡單，可以幫助語法薄弱的學(xué)習(xí)者慢慢理解語法。它分為三個(gè)部分：初級(jí)句型、中級(jí)句型和高級(jí)句型。初級(jí)句型共講解了五種基本句型；中級(jí)句型有四種，即形容詞從句、名詞從句、狀語從句和倒裝句。另外這本書的冠詞、不定式和動(dòng)名詞的語法相比其他語法書的講解更透徹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIgcKtZmYbC4WxA1uvXhTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":637,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a6bbe95ad91458991e35e83ad8e0733","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnHlZtGWMWCnWcSJaS7G4qkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《English Grammar in Use》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTFM7ROjBTxghbsJPkGrCbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本書的語法范例，主要是以情景為例，將抽象的語法概念更具體化、也易于理解。書中材料均來自英語母語國家，表達(dá)地道，讓學(xué)習(xí)者可以學(xué)以致用，讓學(xué)習(xí)的效率更好。全書圖文并茂，內(nèi)容生動(dòng)，對語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類對比，可以讓學(xué)習(xí)者快速梳理思路，學(xué)習(xí)起來事半功倍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZIILWbHHkQuGmi4aBZ9Ufe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":526,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16d0744bef834a42a92a48a17612234e","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnT1MSFjFggedQUbMWRQ1dDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《柯林斯英語語法》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKGu8LJqVqDUPil6fnZxXxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《柯林斯英語語法》的體例和所有的英語語法書都不一樣，不是按照句型排列的，而是按照表達(dá)法和表達(dá)功能排列的，而內(nèi)容也側(cè)重于靈活實(shí)用的功能語法講解，強(qiáng)調(diào)語法和詞匯的結(jié)合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzaz1Rtt5HB4TM8DwO808je"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":686,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e7f24fcf21bd49ed839bf7bd10896cf4","width":1027},"text":"","id":"doxcnqES1yHBd0cMdKAa5i1hBWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn0nGWZYIAYYa18gNM31Wff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過了單詞和語法的認(rèn)識(shí)，持之以恒記憶對話、課文中的佳句是豐富我們語言，積累句式的好方法。而能對熟悉的句子進(jìn)行變通也是學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要技巧之一?，F(xiàn)在雖然考試不考句型轉(zhuǎn)換，但是句型轉(zhuǎn)換可以加深我們的記憶和知識(shí)的拓展。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（想詳細(xì)了解英語造句內(nèi)容的可以在該視頻鏈接中跟著老師一塊學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)英語基礎(chǔ)","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXMDWrzox2UdAqyFCO3eNgd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM73tNQ9AXsi2zaT4N8OvAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"句子的組成部分，包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補(bǔ)語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分9種，其中，主語和謂語是主要成分有，表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分是次要成分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkhxsoXgRJo4rro7rLtpDjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、主語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY5BM1z3Yjy6Ujzvc0hYCnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主語是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0s7KZQb6YMEZ1DaX3uaWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The sun rises in the east. (名詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6JIEUIEvJh9eyVh8mR8ah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He likes dancing. (代詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLoN8qoA6jOuwdEIgwexjmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、謂語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIHCil4IIPTW55ckct5QDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動(dòng)詞來承擔(dān)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrQS8YKWUYuTCNnIjiobeMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"We often speak English in class.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3HaNT5GpxU81Uv8iAVBKgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、賓語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cRy3khvk0MCLzFM23VXXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"賓語是動(dòng)作的對象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3VHOgsEAtOXmk2KX4Fwcbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語和謂語所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語是針對謂語而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息。例如：They are working.主語是they(他們)，那么他們在做什么呢？看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致，也就是說主語在前，謂語緊跟其后。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzCGQVlui4dthWYjWX9XYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He pretended not to see me. (不定式短語)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFvgKUJPmOIylvs138Utvyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I enjoy listening to popular music. (動(dòng)名詞短語)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniWGjGM3HER20HF4mawNmyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、定語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugXIexeJ5aLiGIrYBJFAhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"定語用于描述名詞,代詞,短語或從句的性質(zhì),特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語,定語可以由名詞,形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞,短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個(gè)詞,定語放在被修飾詞的前面,如果是詞組,定語放在被修飾詞的后面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYOixbx0BYHx66pGNn0sjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Guilin is a beautiful city. (形容詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYdvIN7Khzk0f3rVjkgcJEH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (分詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaaWG7VikQJdMEg4IN4djd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、狀語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXLZriQiPslgZmDPhT8Zse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"狀語說明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果方式,條件或伴隨情況,程度等情況的詞叫狀語。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnev42QgmX28dduOgV46GdKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Light travels most quickly. (副詞及副詞性詞組)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIRCImB7FIwJ26I2qfFmHbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has lived in the city for ten years. (介詞短語)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbijUYPOyzMS4BDHufAQAph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、補(bǔ)語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpZly8E7GCl1mKApuWPZjyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"補(bǔ)語的作用對象是主語和賓語,具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZdDpX7V2RszuRXLVpS6e2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"His father named him Dongming. (名詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRjdSvxsVQUbvsb8jzZdWfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"They painted their boat white. (形容詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyKEQQuQc9YccxX5a5itOjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、表語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnANZ6TfZoCI37m2KoXON5yh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì),身份,特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHnDxNnj08Ff7UpCLb29og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkYVDBK7YbzuMDpjzRRmeug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、同位語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl039rxzRXbLkHRViJ6Lieh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語.這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞（代詞）之后。同位語和補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別在于：補(bǔ)語不能缺少，同位語可以缺少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gmNyprrTgWRQHv5N04obc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、獨(dú)立成分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQXXdZhlyzzPKr1t1GtP1Pd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"獨(dú)立成分，是當(dāng)一個(gè)詞、短語或從句用在句子里面，與句子的其他成分只有意義上的聯(lián)系而沒有語法關(guān)系時(shí)，它就稱為獨(dú)立成分。常見的獨(dú)立成份有呼吁、驚嘆語、答語、插入語、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞所構(gòu)成的短語及形容詞、副詞所引起的詞組等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWr4o2ODMQotKBHk6wbq2d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"陳述句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyq0bIM74F6EZYYWy6hh9Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陳述句是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或者說話人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句兩種。陳述句在書寫時(shí)句末用句號(hào)，而在朗讀時(shí)則用降調(diào)。陳述句的核心是非?；A(chǔ)的。這個(gè)句子里有一個(gè)名詞和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。句子可以有其他成分，如形容詞、副詞和其他詞。但是最簡單的形式就是名詞和動(dòng)詞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVp3pyjHZ1o89YsMOU2Rl1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳述句的基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYXr3LzD0cFkj0FEkjmCkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX0gKKGtyQCL6opKZMCXr8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfH6bkRz1iIZ2t9vIiRRksc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) +賓語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlczsezkRhMsHzPd8Aoxw5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) +間接賓語+直接賓語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO3dv72R3uS9wNNc4wWTfRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞) V.+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnt33KmVGc4GesAK1fzdyPoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"肯定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlfQ75ODhofVvrUVDmON8Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river flooded.河水泛濫了。(主謂 )","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnofCMsXnZ6ev4xSdNSFKB7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He has a sense of humor.他有幽默感。(主謂濱)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1JQPc3MfxW8gdDfMKB9o2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can teach you English.他可以教你英語。(主謂+雙賓)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW7HEZOK2x8ZiecRJsc57Ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He painted the desk blue.他把書桌涂成了色。(主謂濱賓補(bǔ))","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmNsaB5AOmqF0MeT3Gt1g4p"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is a doctor.他是一名醫(yī)生。(主系表)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneriwUiAI3OWrkNNs7Vko2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"否定句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBaGQt354sbBKzsNPqz8QPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The river did not/didn't flood. 河水沒有泛濫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkNL2yZvzT6tSMhAPi5e2W"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He does not/doesn't have (has not 1 hasn't) a sense of humor.他沒有幽默感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhjiSTi0GZyouew9DMRbqdb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He can not/can't teach you English. 他不能教你英語。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrYqJGDjdXDMokXmGMWV2Ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He didn't paint the desk blue.他沒有把書桌涂成藍(lán)色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLAdCk3F0udFVjhRORcgOe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"He is not/ He's not/ He isn't a doctor.他不是一 名醫(yī)生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYFKGig5anbAJhpwdGUMTLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"疑問句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD0TdW6iWNi2rgvbWNuzH7e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般疑問句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz3fWdWu6dYRJAs9BxHfadk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常用來詢問一件事情或一種情況是否屬實(shí)，其回答通常是yes或no，因此這類問句又叫做“是非問句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoMTLxBXUg63m3YB4BAH6Rc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Is there something wrong with this machine?這臺(tái)機(jī)器有問題嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCf98jmmG9fLEdUvfZVlah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Have you got today's milk?你拿到今天的牛奶了嗎? ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACDsS2X0n9rKX8aXhpTLhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go on?我們繼續(xù)向前嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbqUsTz9bHHcli9fZLe0hCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Will he not agree with you?他不同意你嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmtQG7lHPJZoHr9K75hJLdD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Haven't you any sisters?你沒有姐妹嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN2idvuqJtvtl2N96wP6y0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't you like this movie?你不喜歡這部電影嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSf5mWamlbnO53a40lF6cff"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑問句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDxYuR4fYrM7rJvKsRvjjgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊疑問句是對句中的某一部分提出疑問，通常以who、where、when、why等疑問詞開頭，因此又叫“wh-問句”。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntFPlTuXGpUYJ7nfxRLkZGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Who are you?你是誰?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6lEONTnSd6DbEMe3y6m3WE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whom are you going to play table tennis this afternoon?今天下午你和誰打乒乓球?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncRRlEvQuNPcIfJ4b9KTgtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Whose glasses are broken?誰的眼鏡打碎了?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI5whj7J8WXAjeV78zhsEQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which shoes do you like?你喜歡哪雙鞋子?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnpmOZr3KXytK5usOnhuMEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"What do they want to do?他們想要做什么?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvU1DTLJ2kVkIvLFK3XHXbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"When does she want to practice?她想要什么時(shí)候練習(xí)?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrZc7rs7NKiryQIvDUgKrmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Where is the restroom?洗手間在哪里?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnttbEBfqQfomY4G0xYgEINf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Why did you leave?你為什么離開了 ?|","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2mYEg4oMjgBf2EE0Zw21Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"How do you study English?你怎么學(xué)習(xí)英語?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhoVGbbUloIx3LKFX4PVNTg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇疑問句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlpZWiDpowGm0csSHzFxQZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"選擇疑問句是對問題提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案供對方選擇的疑問方式。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn967odvYj0RR5keeNO5U9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall we go by bus or by train?我們乘汽車還是乘秋車?，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr5r1RLK5BR9dYpFudVzS5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Shall I give you a hand, or you can manage?要我?guī)湍?還是你自己解決?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnL0B5kOAnR8vaHJVjqa5pWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?你要哪一樣, 咖啡還是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGpSTLACZXguAekYDOYoWAj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Coffee or tea?咖啡還是茶?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Mjip9XpYZGdBhatcrF3ue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Which do you lie best, singing, dancing or skating?唱歌、 跳舞和溜冰，你最喜歡哪樣?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGlJ6JDtSLXz10dPpfwdtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"反義疑問句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kRglqChzA8pZK9AstF7fc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"反意疑問句又稱為附加疑問句，英語稱為tag question，是一種常用于口語的疑問句式，主要由“陳述句(或祈使句) + 疑問句”構(gòu)成。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE3PtziIk0a9RZB63oo5hcv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陳述句有 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，以該be動(dòng)詞形成反問；陳述句有助動(dòng)詞（will、shall、can、have...）時(shí)，以該助動(dòng)詞形成反問；陳述句只有動(dòng)詞時(shí)，按主語人稱及該動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，置 do、does、did 形成反問。下面是句型。下面是句型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRCl1Pd9EzwAyzCzQYOZvXa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Study hard, will you?要用功，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnufZ5wiE0UF5m3sJqsJamQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Don't do it, will you?不要做這件事，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZXfFQ996Cadw2LlEQLAGUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let me go, will you?讓我走，好不好?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2RXcPwowdoD5HdwSbgLLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Let's stop here, shall we?我們在這里停下，好嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02QQ6JNcnL73C1lpiadyF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"There is wifi at this cafe, isn't there?在這個(gè)咖啡廳有無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，對嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvdI6BMTcZj0Fao6JnlqZkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"The clock is slow, isn't it?表走得慢，對嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzNxN0fYWeCjWho80EOwhpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Your are good at math, aren't you?你擅長數(shù)學(xué),對嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuIUoXgdL9z4qpX3vwkpswd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"John is going to study English, isn't he? John會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)英文,對嗎?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSJtc2x7GlFKrBHLCpT6I7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUlMxrzw1ADWZOX2RwRsTqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句是英語中的一個(gè)句式，也是用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令，因此在學(xué)校文法中也常稱為命令句。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yexivfY5nXi70BEvxOObb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"祈使句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1f530afad72140619e0de18d2e991c77","width":915},"text":"","id":"doxcnHeINouDJUcRgghMw6TWLvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"感嘆句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpwIVxv1aU51hkxjvqT2syg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"感嘆句是英語四大功能句型之一，主要用來表示高興、憤怒、厭惡或者欣賞等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子，句末通常用感嘆號(hào)！結(jié)尾，說話時(shí)用降調(diào)。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnowqJgF7c9vAXFKGWl4alfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":701,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"感嘆句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19855f8f878046b98c70dda3ce778360","width":1079},"text":"","id":"doxcnxzaNej89cvkmYGGT1yNeMz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8hpxbXoQZw8QBNE5bKPCXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由一個(gè)主語（并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（并列謂語）構(gòu)成。只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。主語可理解為“誰？”，謂語視為“做什么？”“是什么？”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22RGQBMXTyQY141ic8wQLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單句五種基本句型：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnseRcAD6RspymnAePU59pgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主系表 SVP","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpUiYrLpMY9vOTF0BaQX2P4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂SV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngnNsOmd7jHEFxkQAC8PwGW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂賓SVO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjPv65QbjbcC7O7TafsNehg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂雙賓SVOO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh6CbV42IgCVBYh3hWCdo2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主謂賓賓補(bǔ)SVOC","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYXGOWIRYZCqnbTGiRHVjdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVfhjECy4SPLEoEmmovQ7ad"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42c22cddb24f4fb0b11d76003b4ca35b","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnWtKiWieERz8SIrKGYo0kof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvK1dZSJ9beTgUSAZ764Fif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是并列句由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的簡單句并列而成，有兩套或兩套以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句的基本句型：“分句+并列連詞/特殊符號(hào)+分句”。并列連詞：and(和，而且) but(但是) yet (但是) for (因?yàn)? so (所以)。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnevPcYXZIbS14HlLwjdzi4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":555,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"并列句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/985ac97bfbc84857abf6ced824aba598","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcniKNFBENGpNchVaL0zXqWzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特殊句式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJqFcNuCUWaiEYYcscGJAyn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnthBrV1bxnITixNJEHXVfPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句在","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"英語","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"中是用來表示人或事物的存在、出現(xiàn)等意義，而且大都是用于描述性文章中。存在句可以從結(jié)構(gòu)，句型來分析，可以有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式。相關(guān)的語法重點(diǎn)有：存在句的謂語動(dòng)詞，存在句非限定形式，存在句主謂一致等。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8u6iz34h3LpTMSN7jupDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"存在句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2882a37432cd4917bbdf47d94eff5bd0","width":684},"text":"","id":"doxcnGPMzTRHTrd4vGWFfGTSUGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrte54LEyfxQTHQm5RvlrSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在英語中，名詞可以省略，動(dòng)詞可以省略，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)中不但系動(dòng)詞這樣的可以省略，連實(shí)意動(dòng)詞也是可以省略的，只要它已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過了。會(huì)使用省略句是英語水平走向高階的一個(gè)標(biāo)志，在使用省略句的時(shí)候，不要擔(dān)心對方看不懂或者聽不懂。只要你用的正確，不存在別人不能理解。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkMcL8HKVuxNaXyPpt28Efe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"省略句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5b360ac178a43129e1c750b434d3801","width":671},"text":"","id":"doxcnSZ6iUEtW58RMKnedHkF4ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"倒裝句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxlJiYoDl36mUGAHR6HQM1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等詞語的目的而顛倒原有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"語序","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"句式","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"叫做倒裝句。在倒裝句中，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。英語倒裝句的7種形式，希望能幫助你理解英語句子。下圖是歸納的總結(jié)性筆記。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuySu7eg6Dix9u0iXEgQx0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":524,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"倒裝句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7094467c3caa42e6bba5f876074470ff","width":719},"text":"","id":"doxcnvyO2dKHfKIEnF60fdAK4Se"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"強(qiáng)調(diào)句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvQk7sQmCrcRMdHiqlMykXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是一種特殊句式，用于表示說話者強(qiáng)烈的感情或意愿。強(qiáng)調(diào)就是通過某種手段使句中某一部分所包含的信息比一般情況下顯得更重要。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0i33Lp9pAuWCC4Sz5ZD9e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":740,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"強(qiáng)調(diào)句","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62eee6bc8aa84cc4a6822cd0dda50def","width":1153},"text":"","id":"doxcncxZueckJE2V9unMRc11e6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7THJYFgeUAP738ZX2HMeCR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第一步】：看大標(biāo)題，圖片，小標(biāo)題，看完之后大概猜測文章是關(guān)于什么的，目的在于對文章有個(gè)模糊的印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKhRjn3qXjfJVQjrN5quWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第二步】：重點(diǎn)略讀，主要讀每段第一句和最后一句，大概了解每個(gè)段的內(nèi)容，目的在于對文章結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)整體把握，比如典型的結(jié)構(gòu)——介紹問題、給出原因、提出解決方法、說明潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、對未來進(jìn)行判斷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O2dw1bWolFjkW38mCgPz9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第三步】：全文略讀，讀的時(shí)候讓盡可能多的信息進(jìn)入眼眶，略讀次要信息，抓重點(diǎn)信息(核心觀點(diǎn)、重要前提、重要假設(shè))，并對重點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行精讀，同時(shí)對覺得不錯(cuò)的內(nèi)容再進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。目的在于掌握重點(diǎn)信息，方面以后復(fù)查或者積累寫作素材。(這時(shí)候不懂的單詞可以圈起來，只要不影響文章大意理解就不查，等到最后一步再查)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniHEGSXYT2nxppKRBWZ45Jf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第四步】：不斷來回查找信息，對比是否存在疏漏，目的在于梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握文章整體脈絡(luò)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDhhkkvtV8rRvNC7bsza23b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【第五步】：帶著結(jié)構(gòu)重新略讀閱讀信息，精讀標(biāo)記信息，看是否理解清楚，是否需要進(jìn)一步的查詢工作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDwn7yFvE5euPKdiyVuR5Nb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃制定好后，作者這邊推薦小伙伴們可以在b站上跟著這位老師學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)，他的視頻內(nèi)容充分的為大家解決了句型問題，同時(shí)還利用造句的方式幫助小伙伴們可以更加深刻的了解英語句子的組成部分，視頻鏈接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av763971245/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX1Lyz1eF3mUpTa7q8yvaih"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀外文文章","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnclB8F8RfjWQS1ZGaTmk5ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《讀者文摘》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoJdmQYzbm4zf4ejQOqXtFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"讀者文摘在全球多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)都有發(fā)行。1922年","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"創(chuàng)刊","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，這是一本能引起大眾廣泛興趣的內(nèi)容豐富的家庭雜志。它所涉及的故事文章涵蓋了健康、生態(tài)、政府、國際事務(wù)、體育、旅游、科學(xué)、商業(yè)、教育以及幽默笑話等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。適用人群是英語初、中級(jí)水平學(xué)習(xí)者及考研黨","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqhJKJCHzbYd2LwLLxaw1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同時(shí)，由于內(nèi)容具有思考價(jià)值、探討性和實(shí)用性，中國英語考試中有不少題目和材料來源于這本雜志。非常適合考試黨提高英語能力和語感，是夯實(shí)英語基礎(chǔ)的大眾型讀物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJblhctnFwrFB9szmOPAYoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"購買方式：直接聯(lián)系中圖訂購紙本，這種刊物在國內(nèi)訂閱是完全許可的。都是英文原版，按期引進(jìn)。讀者文摘是那種小冊子，時(shí)代是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的雜志?，F(xiàn)在國家對外籍刊物進(jìn)口管理比較嚴(yán)格，自己從網(wǎng)上訂電子版往往會(huì)被屏蔽掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAg6lna6AEISLMHnMWaPlwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":700,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀外文文章","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eefaaf08fb0742bd95c4d8f8035fa3e4","width":1050},"text":"","id":"doxcn7BHlMZEgR0Bfxl0wKN106c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5qVgfWzE8N3RdjJLxGYUKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一份由倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人報(bào)紙有限公司出版的雜志，創(chuàng)辦于1843年9月，創(chuàng)辦人詹姆士·威爾遜。雜志的大多數(shù)文章寫得機(jī)智，幽默，有力度，嚴(yán)肅又不失詼諧，并且注重于如何在最小的篇幅內(nèi)告訴讀者最多的信息。該雜志又以發(fā)明巨無霸指數(shù)聞名，是社會(huì)精英必不可少的讀物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmzM2fPOheGGYJCa8pAJv8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"里面的文章十分經(jīng)典，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在考研的閱讀理解里面，可見里面的用詞、用句的高水平。還有很重要的一點(diǎn)，就是《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》里面還會(huì)涉及大量的詞匯、固定搭配以及長難句，不僅僅是提升閱讀水平，對于詞匯積累、語法提升等都大有好處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKeyyDDxNWtjPCOgp5h8LXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就里面所有的板塊和內(nèi)容而言，個(gè)人最喜歡其中的 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"obituary","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 和 special report 部分，前者會(huì)寫很多有趣的人，很有意思。后者則涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、科技領(lǐng)域的時(shí)新專題報(bào)道，屬于漲知識(shí)的必備欄目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU2lGZISzbtOQJ0hgF9ht9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀方式：一些免費(fèi)提供離線資源的網(wǎng)站，這塊要用谷歌搜，或者用必應(yīng)國際版，但很多更新更新著就不更新了，免費(fèi)的可以搜一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：西貝博客。還有國內(nèi)一些網(wǎng)站提供付費(fèi)的離線資源，這塊是一種選擇，只要會(huì)用指令搜索，就可以搜索進(jìn)行查看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBDBhwGuTF6Y9q0K8UZgFWf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"還有就是通過發(fā)郵件到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人官方，咨詢他們有哪些授權(quán)渠道商，再通過這些渠道商去訂閱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneDYgFa6dIluIcKzeAknWhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":663,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀外文文章","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69b60c9018954f969b764922ee274b2c","width":973},"text":"","id":"doxcn8jxBuGxQxPmQXTyuRKzfde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語中期學(xué)習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZt8uMGUPRo8V8im591dVif"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"聽力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0epC41eglSTzsosGbIavh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們在鍛煉聽力的時(shí)候一定不要聽那些東拼西湊的英語磁帶，而是選擇一個(gè)聽力材料就徹底把它拿下。材料里的每一個(gè)單詞、每一個(gè)短語都要聽清楚。為了達(dá)到這一點(diǎn)，你必須聽寫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9XUbwIIzg8oDX83HZyXKxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"聽力","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b024f094383140ddaf29f4cc14ee3ea3","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcnKv48CpMJjLajyYXc0pouae"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明確學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzMd0ooJutFMUz0OZqeCwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步是先糾正自己的音標(biāo)，這是最基礎(chǔ)的，我們之所以聽不懂是因?yàn)槲覀儼l(fā)音不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們也聽不出來英語發(fā)音。所以首先必須糾正好自己的音標(biāo)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEdM2LsfAKWR6HNHVmhg2gc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步是要擴(kuò)大自己的單詞量，好多人不注意這一點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為聽力的單詞量有限，但是一定要把自己的單詞量擴(kuò)大到一定的范圍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhNSI81bh6GMHiZw0Uvx2xd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步是訓(xùn)練聽力，首先訓(xùn)練單個(gè)單詞，先聽單個(gè)單詞，然后在逐漸的聽句子，這是很主要的，要循序漸進(jìn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3yasqt8PVyvdfJ1Hj4oFpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步是在聽聽力的時(shí)候，一定要在自己聽不懂的地方多聽幾遍，并把相關(guān)的單詞和句子抄下來，經(jīng)常去閱讀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnreD2PtoRVzFOjkk7tAasUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步是每天堅(jiān)持聽聽力至少2個(gè)小時(shí)，這是非常關(guān)鍵的一步，不要怕辛苦，堅(jiān)持下來就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPkUHlTFddlEBYsC3MgrCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第六步是可以堅(jiān)持看美劇或者堅(jiān)持聽外國的音樂和相關(guān)的歌曲，對自己的聽力都有很大的幫助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx3R4068GWCDbQifRgcWJPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"聽力的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"發(fā)音詞典","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（這是用戶）進(jìn)行用于聽力練習(xí)，這個(gè)老師的視頻中開頭部分就為大家制定好了聽力規(guī)則，在觀看視頻的時(shí)候也可以充分的鍛煉自己的英語聽力。視頻的鏈接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ZY411N7jx/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8FVl4pJ2vSGrePfW1MGvce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)小技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkN1wpXb0j2dCuwdq84efWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、學(xué)會(huì)抓關(guān)鍵詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0EqyWTvUywCro4XBoYxNwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在聽力過程中，我們要學(xué)會(huì)抓其中的關(guān)鍵詞。在語段之間的停頓時(shí)間，快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)，對比其不同之處，在聽的過程中通過關(guān)鍵詞判斷說話者的身份，幫助自己搜索相關(guān)背景知識(shí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnydSflSO3XiLXE3DbacpQmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、學(xué)會(huì)劃分意群","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5TJgyVHqlUnLeWhL7TiXve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多人在聽的時(shí)候都是逐個(gè)單詞地聽，想要聽懂每一個(gè)單詞。其實(shí)這樣做是沒有必要的，也是很難做到的。因此，我們要學(xué)會(huì)劃分意群來聽，分詞組分詞塊來聽會(huì)幫助你節(jié)省很多時(shí)間，并能讓你更快地理解句子是什么意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7h0dyChjbb7sCui3hA6GOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、學(xué)會(huì)提前思考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQspMHU3xk0sDWGGXNVlPmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在聽力開始之前，你就要瀏覽完材料，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)開始思考。這段話要講什么，目的又是什么。并學(xué)會(huì)猜測，包括對話題的預(yù)測、甚至通過常識(shí)進(jìn)行答案的預(yù)測。這樣才能在考試之中處于主動(dòng)的位置，所以，聽聽力要積極主動(dòng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3ClKnJ9e1gQZcjtwET6MBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、學(xué)會(huì)做筆記","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUE0RmQjdnQTdu1LPmsSOee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的筆記能夠讓你的思路清晰，讓你了解聽力內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)。在聽力的開頭結(jié)尾時(shí)就要集中精神，記住相關(guān)信息，因?yàn)槟呛苡锌赡芫褪锹犃Φ闹攸c(diǎn)。有時(shí)考點(diǎn)在出題時(shí)是按照順序來出的，因此筆記能幫助我們排除一些干擾選項(xiàng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMXGUhlbc57SMPMlRspWP9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、學(xué)會(huì)注意數(shù)字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZTIPpQBWtOnyymvmy64sgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要注意以下幾方面：常規(guī)數(shù)字的連讀，百分?jǐn)?shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)，百分比，電話號(hào)碼，航班號(hào)，駕照號(hào)，信用卡號(hào)等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrsFTyiPi7cEpejGRDc0bPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCif7BdZShCkdR6zlvkAGhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"BBC Learning English","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQ6fzjxKQxaSONRpBG7zBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我一定要把它放在第一位，因?yàn)橹灰氲骄W(wǎng)路上的免費(fèi)英文學(xué)習(xí)資源，第一個(gè)要推薦的絕對是BBC Learning English。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyt4VyHUNlepoNZrZcjnwpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這個(gè)被公認(rèn)為全球最佳的英文學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，不只具有英文單字詞匯、文法、發(fā)音、聽力、會(huì)話、閱讀以及學(xué)習(xí)測驗(yàn)等豐富多元的學(xué)習(xí)教材，而且也一直持續(xù)更新教學(xué)內(nèi)容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqApD00g0lOexyWgq0ZOQGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了可以用網(wǎng)路學(xué)習(xí)之外，也可以免費(fèi)下載mp3語音和文字稿到電腦，當(dāng)作持續(xù)自學(xué)進(jìn)修練習(xí)的免費(fèi)教材。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfOLXyRgbV7xNPhKMpDSVne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":448,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83a80611063c48a6b2d13df3fcd9413e","width":687},"text":"","id":"doxcnjIQsMQiGBRrao7JobdIF1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"TED","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYelIUmcvEwovBCnWOA4jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TED Talks是可以一邊聽演講一邊訓(xùn)練英文聽力的網(wǎng)站。在這里有不同領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士所發(fā)表的科學(xué)、娛樂、文化、教育、藝術(shù)等等專題英文演講影片，除了訓(xùn)練正式英文的聽力之外，還可以增長知識(shí)，開拓自己的視野?？梢杂^看約10~20分鐘TED Talks練習(xí)英文聽力，聽不懂時(shí)，還可閱讀演講稿理解影片內(nèi)容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUta5inyr6K3SDQvaSC2G2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":799,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/be8165123f9145b58aaf9bd68af351d8","width":1201},"text":"","id":"doxcnWUlwAtqF05xze1WKEyJ69d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"English online France","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LpG4czz6oM0cDt2Gd0mJO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"English online France是一個(gè)非常有趣的在線英文聽力訓(xùn)練網(wǎng)站，依照初級(jí)、中級(jí)和高級(jí)區(qū)分的英文聽力訓(xùn)練教材共超過一百個(gè)項(xiàng)目，包括聽寫練習(xí)與測驗(yàn)的MP3語音教材以及聽力練習(xí)與測驗(yàn)的影片。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2NkXL6X0kZcPo7uVMWNfLI"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":619,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/617b8cf0c6b9438ea4c70ba48d1571cb","width":971},"text":"","id":"doxcn4ptkZ85t8TasnhUru8hQVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3YjJRnkXUEZbKQQhh7jk0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"語言不是教會(huì)的，而是在使用中學(xué)會(huì)的。交際能力只能在交際中得到最有效的培養(yǎng)。一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的語言學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)具有強(qiáng)烈的語言交際的欲望，應(yīng)力爭語言訓(xùn)練的各種機(jī)會(huì)。應(yīng)該不怕因犯語言錯(cuò)誤而被別人譏笑。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"（口語的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索，也可以","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)合下文講解，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在該連接中","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"看視頻配合學(xué)習(xí)","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrcC1IGOuALt9pw7qUyz2Fv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口語","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ab19f25534d40bc816f5cc0925b4dd3","width":896},"text":"","id":"doxcn6mVn3Q0JYzoycJgoXxBh0c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明確學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnua575Ls8kF2CYx7wDtH5Gf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一定要用完整句子對話","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80chwA8vggV1g74yIymvyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"面對任何問題，都不能只回答表面內(nèi)容，一定要在此基礎(chǔ)上展開回答。如果別人問你一個(gè)問題，你只回答 Yes 或者 No，那如何提高口語呢？即使遇到了一個(gè)你根本不了解或者不會(huì)的問題，也千萬不要用：“Sorry, I don’t know”或者“No”來回應(yīng)。比如別人問了一個(gè)最基礎(chǔ)的問題，“Where are you from?” 你千萬不能只說：“I come from Beijing.”正確的做法是：先說明你來自北京，然后介紹一下北京的風(fēng)土人情、家鄉(xiāng)美食等等，最后再和對方互動(dòng)一下，問你去過北京嗎？或者你覺得北京這座城市怎么樣呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8Am29JWp2EnJRUJbgM0cAs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.多使用一些復(fù)雜句和從句","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEHGw7CDtKePv09IVO9GJub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"然后在平時(shí)練習(xí)過程中，要將簡單句和","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"復(fù)雜句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"交錯(cuò)使用，不要一直用簡單的句子，這樣會(huì)顯得你的水平很 Low，也不要一直說很復(fù)雜的句子，因?yàn)楹苋菀壮鲥e(cuò)。在變換不同的句式的時(shí)候，記得不要出錯(cuò)。避免一直說簡單句的最好方法就是，多說一些稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)的從句，比如定語從句、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"條件狀語從句","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、主語從句等等，同時(shí)一些相同意思的句子也不要用重復(fù)表達(dá)，要學(xué)會(huì)多嘗試用不同的句式說出來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntl5ggqZs1SveFYXERCKt7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.通過美劇學(xué)習(xí)口語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzPBHKebdTWoMlsEiSqDjMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通過美劇學(xué)習(xí)英語口語也是很多人可能有嘗試的方法，對于上班族來說可以一邊放松心情的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)英語。我建議可選擇那些與日常生活比較貼近、故事情節(jié)較強(qiáng)的影視材料。例如金色年代。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqc0oBahh961fx6AGeNXnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":352,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明確學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f803c4921004667ac5da93b3a8303a4","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcnUawhbt9LAbMNtGyT5rjQje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"口語的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)可以在b站上搜索","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"MrYang楊家成","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，這個(gè)老師講解的每個(gè)視頻內(nèi)容雖然簡短，但是老師在講解前就利用學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)音進(jìn)行糾正，充滿趣味性的同時(shí)也能認(rèn)識(shí)到口語發(fā)音方面的錯(cuò)誤。我這邊為大家找到一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的視頻內(nèi)容，鏈接如下：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av378675437/?vd_source=5d64dd8ffce01670b3c7c8c70257178b","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，如果需要的話可以試著看看一看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAniyl28BcwrOMGSXZMG7Sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英音發(fā)音學(xué)習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8jUdHxtD0q2Ca9U9XMhKcw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.建立英音的肌肉反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Bgwdg1Q7WFlotEPgFlzzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在我們開始在美音和英音間做出實(shí)質(zhì)性的發(fā)音改變之前。我們首先要知道，發(fā)音的改變是要體現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)音上的，這樣的改變才能導(dǎo)致整體上發(fā)音的變化。這包括說話過程中嘴型的變化，以及嘴部肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)方式的變化。這是一個(gè)整體上的變化。并不只在有某個(gè)變化音的詞里，你才能聽到這樣的變化，而是在每個(gè)音節(jié)上都可以聽的出來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9xr07pVHQAHJOjIbjJsxeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所以想要練習(xí)一口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英式英語，第一步也是必不可少的一步就是練習(xí)音標(biāo)。將每個(gè)音標(biāo)老老實(shí)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，通過肌肉發(fā)射，對后面的英式英語的口語練習(xí)能有很大的幫助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc25ajSh9MJ9ZuAwKzwIk5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.建立英音語言環(huán)境","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDI3rJYrt2kCNtJSfaMWJmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)一門語言，最好的當(dāng)然就是處于一個(gè)特定的語言環(huán)境內(nèi)。既然我們是在國內(nèi)，沒有辦法實(shí)現(xiàn)英式英語的環(huán)境，那么我就可以通過聽力來實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入的問題，通過口語來實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出的問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnItlQCgm0HI7U8XL0lN3nGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而對于鍛煉聽力，最推從的方法就是聽萬能的BBC了。你要知道，在BBC，不僅僅只有新聞的，BBC還有很多欄目，比如BBC Learning，就是可以通過上面的視頻進(jìn)行練習(xí)口語聽力的欄目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwHmPWhIlSmkDLEJTASgmag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.建立口語交流機(jī)制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz7znoLcR8PJs5NGgEiTumf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這么發(fā)達(dá)，我們完全可以通過sns來和世界交流。你只要學(xué)會(huì)FAN墻，就可以通過Facebook、Twitter、Whatsapp來找到愿意和你交流的人，如果他愿意學(xué)習(xí)中文是再好不過的了，這樣互助互利是最持久的。不過記住，我們是要練習(xí)英式英語，所以最好找英國，或者加拿大的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrRBvMT5kQV0UBb8xf8Pcxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.英式發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPmSElkK8Ln9GVw9xhfqG7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“R”不發(fā)音，不卷舌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQqIl9vYv6nZ8N7aadglUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T不發(fā)D音，發(fā)T音或不發(fā)音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjwqt9HXoI1nICAJGGHbsCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"請注意，“H”并不總是發(fā)音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLAMcR2eJySZiDSAWw12USd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 單詞“been”的讀音是“bean”，而不是“bin”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpGGCrWQLAA9NEhwglolxKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)尾降調(diào)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6aeWLuqOC8x6mEvNnAis2b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美音發(fā)音學(xué)習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN4ta7kwp7Fx0qE7s5mec4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1.準(zhǔn)備好學(xué)習(xí)的視頻參照物","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndaDJTU1LsVAhezCVIpznMX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"僅僅是自己照著音標(biāo)、課本練習(xí)朗讀，不能使自己的發(fā)音改善。學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音視頻教程，才是最容易、最直觀、最簡單的方法。因?yàn)椋梢灾庇^地看到美國人的嘴形、舌頭的位置，這樣可以很容易自我調(diào)整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ66dwrjnfif5ARMng7doIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"請?jiān)诿赓M(fèi)WiFi下，請自行百度：美式發(fā)音訓(xùn)練視頻教程(匯總貼)。可以很容易找到美國Paul老師的視頻教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntlV04Lro46oKCrXu0IO6Yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2.制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，每天學(xué)習(xí)1集視頻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj4goxfOdeUXbx4eZFNzA4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天觀看1集視頻，并且在安靜、不被打擾的環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)。跟著視頻一起，自己張口練習(xí)。練習(xí)時(shí)，不用去記憶生詞，只需要張口練習(xí)發(fā)音就好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykbhvgkb9sTQ7ddwKsjyBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)完1集視頻后，找找自己熟悉的單詞、簡單句子，按照剛剛學(xué)會(huì)的方法輕松、張口朗讀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHXjtIW65YnYS2zzXQJGd0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"嘴巴重新習(xí)慣需要時(shí)間。所以，請?jiān)趯W(xué)習(xí)第2、3、4天，輕松復(fù)習(xí)第1天學(xué)習(xí)的發(fā)音，并張口練習(xí)。這時(shí)，不用重新看視頻，只需要讀一讀單詞、簡單句子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIV3Peio8xvVmfsmovzgDze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3.鞏固訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh7WVDzXhSnPOLp84zocph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平時(shí)自己朗讀自己喜歡的文章時(shí)，特意留意學(xué)會(huì)的新的發(fā)音。這是進(jìn)步的最后一步。如果自己沒有調(diào)整，還是按照自己以前的發(fā)音方法，那就沒進(jìn)步了!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhKpCrCrsybqYTSoO0Gclod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果按照這樣的步驟，認(rèn)真練習(xí)，任何一個(gè)自己不會(huì)的發(fā)音，每位朋友都可以在1周內(nèi)熟練掌握。1個(gè)月內(nèi)就可以掌握所有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美式發(fā)音了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN7Qg39OmoVkLqRiHmeMjmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4.強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzbxdiLmiMlIUvH1PtxyOdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果學(xué)習(xí)過美國Paul老師的教程，還覺得不夠。再推薦一個(gè)視頻教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9gQ1q9mWplJ1yGiT1XLXyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美國 Lisa 老師的——Lisa美語視頻教程。請按照同樣的反復(fù)，每次學(xué)習(xí)30分鐘吧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXVSsf7wDN37P91JfWo9uCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5.美式發(fā)音技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEyPamcvvVZqGAqoRoYgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)字母R出現(xiàn)在最后一個(gè)字母位置的時(shí)候，要發(fā)卷舌音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx2CWfpVikAHBBqUvcFkrYM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)字母R的后面緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的時(shí)候，這里的R要發(fā)音/r/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbx7h6y4AyScuOvfmYVCwwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式發(fā)音中的第二個(gè)特征,是關(guān)于美式濁化音。比如letter這個(gè)單詞，其中的字母t就需要百分之五十濁化成發(fā)音/d/，有點(diǎn)類似ladder了。.","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIlr6VccCrAYZDvKKmjr6wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口語app","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNn5aRsPSY0uClTNB0zjMjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"扇貝口語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1xQDPd73gaCqWyXvrmrAXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一款旨在讓用戶“聽得懂、說得出”的英語口語學(xué)習(xí)app，適合所有階段人群，扇貝口語的課程系統(tǒng)完善，而且形式比較豐富，包括角色扮演，發(fā)音打分和故事模式，通過跟讀以及聽音復(fù)述和智能打分的形式，幫助培養(yǎng)開口習(xí)慣，糾正發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1vvkLtwpDzIFC4yV706Cfg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口語app","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91ee7fcb0dfb40c7bd0ffc9edf5c0e02","width":1022},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOPKf8UJLtgeRfIAXrDLF7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"流利說英語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrfswMxU8HpX3xfjfcmtkAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一款智能口語打分軟件，內(nèi)置各種以場景為主題的課程，你可以跟讀模仿，然后系統(tǒng)會(huì)根據(jù)你的發(fā)音情況進(jìn)行打分，他的練習(xí)材料非常豐富，從教材到職場，從生活到影視劇，而且都有難度劃分，逐漸升級(jí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsHMd5SyxNVjHdPYDl9Jsmb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":461,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"口語app","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ec428686481749bab65bd9aae98c8410","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnMiK9GeJjwjvWS8FLcwOJua"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"英語后期學(xué)習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhmUCRSpuEGPbSm3kfTZrNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCHSR2t6m306E2wX8Zw26Eg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期就要把你珍藏的真題拿出來了，從頭到尾掐準(zhǔn)時(shí)間（可以在開始的時(shí)候把時(shí)間寫在卷題上，結(jié)束對照一下時(shí)間），作文可以先不寫（前5套真題左右，把作文專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一下），一套真題兩三天左右吃透，半個(gè)月時(shí)間把作文好好練習(xí)一下（文末附有大小作文模板以及視頻），做完對照答案，（如何分析和做閱讀，前面的文章已經(jīng)講過了）分?jǐn)?shù)依然不重要，重要的是知道自己的薄弱地方，單詞、語法、閱讀速度還是注意力的問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98ChRZY7cmLmdgPed0hv3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09a6d44511794fdda7c9cc8dd5c1109a","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnX6Cvuhb5Vwd8SFv6qa3U9f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背單詞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBzS2BYNc6jNdNFMpHBDqQm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單詞不用說，該背還要背，這個(gè)時(shí)間可以有側(cè)重點(diǎn)的背，同時(shí)還需要把重點(diǎn)放在真題中單詞上來，一定要注意熟詞僻義。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8xAWJv4iv65s79M9Ow50c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背單詞","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b660b0c3423043e1bf23a12fd3928920","width":720},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoBqoRdtTyyodHXEWeYTSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnimOTAvabfb8dXPzyQ4AAcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仔細(xì)思考做題過程中的這個(gè)題做錯(cuò)了，為什么做錯(cuò)，我當(dāng)初怎么想的，答案又是怎么說的，有沒有了解出題人的意圖，帶著這些問題，把錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng)分析一遍，做個(gè)小結(jié)，在題旁邊標(biāo)注，屬于哪種錯(cuò)誤，是粗心大意還是單詞或者翻譯錯(cuò)誤等；其次是單詞，這個(gè)單詞我背過嗎，是生詞還是背過忘了，然后查出這個(gè)單詞，記在自己的單詞本或者在單詞出處記下來，第二天背下來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhUSj3jzBNrgZQJMOD8XFTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":465,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"閱讀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/230e43575a974c54bf0d1489172b6f5f","width":696},"text":"","id":"doxcnFvq6HeNlKFyAqAEkQkbX3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpLzO97jEckwVUFvKIivhpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"怎么構(gòu)思，如果這次試卷就是考試，我該從哪下手，我是不是又用了，老掉牙的詞，背的好詞好句有沒有用上等；最后就是總結(jié)，把閱讀、單詞、作文遇到的問題做個(gè)總結(jié)，做個(gè)規(guī)劃去處理，然后第二天去復(fù)習(xí)，直到這張?jiān)嚲砟阏J(rèn)為沒有什么價(jià)值了，那么你復(fù)盤總結(jié)就是成功的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNNUhjM8lgrGQEXuuMqRUEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"作文","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac385965894d4a8db3d4df29510d1a92","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcncDWKFnzQEF5EJ3EQW6a7cg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"總結(jié)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWNLRiDucBDag6O7zsyuNj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后說一下完成這個(gè)階段所需的時(shí)間，我建議用兩個(gè)月去完成是比較合適的。不要拖太長時(shí)間，不要在學(xué)習(xí)的舒適區(qū)呆太久。我們是需要感覺到自己在進(jìn)步，需要有很多正反饋才能繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnX7UKfpZFcM1TGk9kUVSUjf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. CNV全稱

cnv不是車，cnv全稱是Copy number variations，即基因拷貝數(shù)變異。

3. cnv pcv

pcv是泛指符合要求的一切東西，而cnv則是指基因烤貝數(shù)變異。

4. CNV圖片怎么看

邏輯思維是人們在認(rèn)識(shí)事物的過程中，借助于概念、判斷、推理等思維形式來反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的理性認(rèn)識(shí)過程?；镜倪壿嬎季S方法包括：抽象與概括、分析與綜合，歸納與演繹，對比，原因與結(jié)果。

定義

邏輯思維的定義是：“是人的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段，人運(yùn)用概念、判斷、推理等思維類型反映事物本質(zhì)與規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)過程。”通俗點(diǎn)說，邏輯思維是建立在因果關(guān)系之上的，反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的思維方式。

邏輯思維具有規(guī)范、嚴(yán)密、確定和可重復(fù)的特點(diǎn)。

方法

分析和綜合

分析指的是，把事物分解為各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性，分別加以研究，分析是認(rèn)識(shí)事物整體的必要階段。

綜合則是把事物各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性按內(nèi)在聯(lián)系有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一為整體，以掌握事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。

分析和綜合是互相滲透和轉(zhuǎn)化的，在分析基礎(chǔ)上綜合，在綜合指導(dǎo)下分析，分析與綜合，循環(huán)往復(fù)，推動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)的深化和發(fā)展。

例如：證明兩線段相等

綜合法思路：已知條件→三角形全等或平行四邊形→對應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等）。

分析法思路：對應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等）→三角形全等或平行四邊形→已知條件。

歸納和演繹

歸納和演繹是認(rèn)知事物和思考的邏輯法則。

簡單通俗來說：歸納就是把具備某種相同屬性的事物，一一列舉出來，然后尋找共通點(diǎn)。

演繹法

演繹就是把互相之間形成影響的因素，按照事物因果順序、時(shí)間先后順序，重要程度順序排列出來，再尋找突破口。

太極生兩儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦，這是演繹（由太極開始，向后遞推的順序）。

演繹推理的主要形式是“三段論”，由大前提、小前提、結(jié)論三部分組成。

大前提是已知的一般原理；

小前提是研究的特殊場合；

結(jié)論是將特殊場合歸到一般原理之下得出的新知識(shí)。例如：

大前提：鳥都會(huì)飛；小前提：我是鳥；結(jié)論：所以我會(huì)飛。

歸納法

龍生龍，鳳生鳳，老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞，這是歸納（龍，風(fēng)，老鼠各為一類）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事實(shí)）的主要特點(diǎn)，找出其中的共性、共同點(diǎn)，然后將其歸類到同一個(gè)組中，并說明其共性。

抽象與概括

抽象

抽象是對同類事物中抽取出共同的、本質(zhì)性的特征，舍棄其非本質(zhì)的屬性或特征的思維過程。

概括

概括指的是人腦在比較和抽象的基礎(chǔ)上，把抽象出來的事物的共同本質(zhì)特征綜合起來，并推廣到同類事物上的思維過程。

總結(jié)

抽象的過程往往是從多到一的過程，最后呈現(xiàn)的形式也是以“關(guān)鍵詞”的方式，突出本質(zhì)屬性。而概括的過程最后呈現(xiàn)的都是一句完整表述本質(zhì)屬性的句子。

練習(xí)

1、認(rèn)識(shí)到“鳥是一種有羽毛的，無齒有喙前肢為翼的動(dòng)物”這是思維的( )過程。

A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：C。該題綜合呈現(xiàn)了鳥的所有本質(zhì)的屬性，因此屬于概括過程。

2、對烏鴉、企鵝、麻雀、鴕鳥等進(jìn)行分析比較后，得出“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無齒有喙”是共同本質(zhì)的屬性，“飛”是非本質(zhì)屬性。這是思維的( )過程。

A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析

解析：B。該題從多個(gè)事物中，抽取出了鳥的本質(zhì)屬性是“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無齒有喙”，找到了鳥的特征。屬于抽象的過程。

4. 分類和比較

分類

是指根據(jù)事物的共同性與差異性，把事物分類。具有相同屬性的事物歸入一類。具有不同屬性的事物歸入不同類。

比較

比較就是比較兩個(gè)或兩類事物的共同點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn)，通過比較就能更好地認(rèn)識(shí)事物的本質(zhì)。

除了上述的邏輯思考方法，比較常見的還有對比（求同、存異）和因果兩種，相對比較容易理解。邏輯性強(qiáng)的人，善于解構(gòu)任務(wù)，化繁為簡，剔除無用信息， 能用更短的時(shí)間解決更多的事情。所以，我們要利用方式和方法鍛煉和提高邏輯思維。

提高邏輯思維

“PREP+A”的邏輯

P（Point，觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)），R（Reason，原因/理由/根據(jù)），E（Example，實(shí)例/例證），P（Point），A（Action，行動(dòng)）。

在正式的談話、講演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的邏輯/步驟：

P：首先，簡潔明了的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)/主張，也就是你在說什么、你想要表達(dá)什么。

R：其次，說出支持你結(jié)論的“依據(jù)”，也就是回答 你憑什么這樣認(rèn)為，是基于哪種事實(shí)和解釋？

E：再者，用實(shí)際的例證（資料、數(shù)據(jù)、個(gè)人例子等）來提高你結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)的說服力。

P：最后重復(fù)結(jié)論，確保自己想傳達(dá)的信息，已確實(shí)傳遞。

A：行動(dòng)就是你希望對方怎么做（根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，一把可以省略）。

小結(jié)：簡單來講，這個(gè)模式就是先從結(jié)論說起，再說明得出結(jié)論的理由及根據(jù)，然后舉出具體事例佐證，最后再強(qiáng)調(diào)一次結(jié)論 。

掌握思維框架

如何去設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)框架，這個(gè)方法來自元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)，這些元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)如下：

工作記憶、長時(shí)記憶、組塊、提取、存儲(chǔ)、必要難度、間隔效應(yīng)、表征、初級(jí)表征、次級(jí)表征、心理表征、記憶、線索、遺忘曲線、圖式、模式、聯(lián)系、刻意練習(xí)、自我生成、詳細(xì)闡述、分散練習(xí)、框架法。

舉一個(gè)例子來區(qū)分一下，工作記憶與長時(shí)記，比如記住一個(gè)姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以記住這個(gè)名字，只不過這個(gè)姓名是在工作記憶里邊。工作記憶不能被長時(shí)的保存，是一種臨時(shí)的記憶。此時(shí)，從大腦里提取這個(gè)姓名，就是從工作記憶中直接提取出來。

隔了一會(huì)兒，再去提取“剛才記住在工作記憶”的姓名，再也提取不出來了。工作記憶，早已被新的內(nèi)容刷空，如果“長時(shí)記憶”里邊有記住這個(gè)姓名，我們就能從長時(shí)記憶里邊把這個(gè)姓名提取到工作記憶?？上У氖?，遺憾的是，長時(shí)記憶里邊沒有塑造出這個(gè)記憶。或者說長時(shí)記憶雖然保存了這個(gè)記憶，卻提取不出來。

現(xiàn)在要利用元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)來建立一個(gè)邏輯思維的框架，這個(gè)邏輯思維的框架是針對邏輯學(xué)而言，這就涉及到邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)了。邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，個(gè)人提煉出來一些核心而又基礎(chǔ)的概念，如下：屬性、性質(zhì)屬性、關(guān)系屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、定義、劃分、判斷、假設(shè)Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、論證。

比如：以詞語“人”作為切入點(diǎn)，通過詞語“人”去銜接“屬性、本質(zhì)屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、劃分、判斷、推理、論證”。如何從一個(gè)詞語“人”貫通整個(gè)邏輯框架呢？

人這個(gè)詞語對應(yīng)的概念--->概念對應(yīng)外部世界的一類事物----->從一類事物之中“抽象、抽取”出屬性--->本質(zhì)屬性---->概念、內(nèi)涵、定義、外延、劃分---->判斷---->推理------>論證！

這些基礎(chǔ)的概念之間是有聯(lián)系的，剛開始學(xué)習(xí)邏輯學(xué)時(shí)，這些基礎(chǔ)的概念在自己的大腦里是碎片化的、是分立的，是沒法被聯(lián)系起來。

東一處、西一處、南一處、北一處，各個(gè)概念之間缺乏聯(lián)系，對邏輯學(xué)的認(rèn)知就是以一些碎片的認(rèn)知，不能拼成一個(gè)框架，缺乏一個(gè)框架把各個(gè)概念聯(lián)系起來。

經(jīng)典的模型

有人說“思維模型是你大腦中用于做決策的工具箱，你擁有的工具越多，你就能夠做出正確的決策”，所以大家可以多學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)典思維模型，幫助自己做出正確的決策。

自我提問練習(xí)

在日常生活中，無論是看到、聽到或讀到一些關(guān)于重要信息或者讓你有觸動(dòng)的信息時(shí)，都可以通過一些刻意的自我提問來鍛煉自己的思維。比如讀到一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，就可以這樣問自己：作者為什么會(huì)從這個(gè)角度切入？作者是如何形成這個(gè)結(jié)論？這個(gè)結(jié)論有什么缺點(diǎn)？如果我來寫如何可以更好？

寫作練習(xí)

可以每天拿一張紙，就寫一個(gè)問題，然后我們再用樹形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維，來對這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行分析。用不同的角度，不同的視野，看看是否有新的想法，把這些東西再整理起來，先不要思考太多，想到一個(gè)問題就直接寫。不能拖延。我們只要追尋自己原始的感受，不用想得很復(fù)雜，想到什么就直接寫什么，別猶豫不決。培養(yǎng)這種樹形結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯思維，最忌諱的就是，原地兜圈子，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)做無用功。

做結(jié)構(gòu)筆記

結(jié)構(gòu)式筆記主要是指：用思維導(dǎo)圖搭建全書的框架架構(gòu)。 將全書的內(nèi)容濃縮在這一張圖里，有利于我們迅速抓住重點(diǎn)，在日常思維導(dǎo)圖的制作過程中，可以利用工具：XMIND，如果你有輸出的需求，可以購買一個(gè)會(huì)員，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不購買會(huì)員。

使用思維導(dǎo)圖

思維導(dǎo)圖就是一種工具，可以利用有效圖形來協(xié)助我們的思維表達(dá)的實(shí)用性工具，可以幫助我們發(fā)散思維，理清思路。當(dāng)接到一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí)，先要做的不應(yīng)該是立馬執(zhí)行，而是先思考。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候如果不思考，就會(huì)弄不清楚方向，就會(huì)挖掘不出甲方的真實(shí)需求。這時(shí)候我們就要打開思維導(dǎo)圖，開始邏輯的分散性思考。

常見好用的思維導(dǎo)圖工具有很多，比如：

億圖腦圖MindMaster：強(qiáng)烈推薦，簡單好用高顏值，模板社區(qū)10W+模板內(nèi)容；

MindManager：推薦，思維導(dǎo)圖老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，試用限制30天；

幕布：較推薦，極簡風(fēng)大綱筆記一鍵生成思維導(dǎo)圖，較長時(shí)間無更新維護(hù)；

xmind：推薦，商業(yè)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件，高顏值+做圖穩(wěn)定，但沒有提供在線版和云服務(wù)；

MindLine思維導(dǎo)圖：較推薦，輕量級(jí)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件，功能較簡約但界面缺乏設(shè)計(jì)感。

導(dǎo)圖的用法

比如，一次會(huì)議可以分三個(gè)階段。

第一個(gè)階段，大家暢所欲言，發(fā)散思維，用思維導(dǎo)圖把大家的想法用樹狀圖畫出來。

第二個(gè)階段，評(píng)估想法。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同想法之間的聯(lián)系，而且把有聯(lián)系的想法用線條連接起來。

第三個(gè)階段，集中思維，形成決議。把討論中淘汰的想法都刪除劃掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和執(zhí)行順序，整理好開始執(zhí)行。

個(gè)人的想法過程也一樣。

實(shí)用主義的思維導(dǎo)圖一定是雜亂的，畫滿了各種連線、重點(diǎn)符號(hào)、劃掉符號(hào)，就像草稿紙一樣。

花哨的裝飾和美觀的外表未必實(shí)用，真正的武器身上一定傷痕累累。

注意事項(xiàng)：

① 清楚制圖目的

做思維導(dǎo)圖之前，一定要弄清楚自己制圖的目的是什么？是為了自己梳理思路還是交付于別人傳播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些設(shè)計(jì)思維。如果是幫助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美觀度上花去過多的時(shí)間。

② 信息傳遞

記住做思維導(dǎo)圖重要的是梳理思維，視覺傳達(dá)為輔助，幫助記憶，因此不能本末倒置，花過多的時(shí)間在視覺美化上面。

③ 語言要精煉

一張思維導(dǎo)圖可以承載的信息畢竟有限，我們要學(xué)會(huì)深度理解信息、適當(dāng)加工，盡量用明確、精煉的語言去傳達(dá)。

④ 日常積累素材庫

我們要在日常工作中不斷累積建立好自己的素材庫，可以是圖標(biāo)庫、圖片庫、字體庫、配色庫、模型參考庫等等，這樣能夠有效提高自己的作圖效率。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維是人們在認(rèn)識(shí)事物的過程中，借助于概念、判斷、推理等思維形式來反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的理性認(rèn)識(shí)過程?；镜倪壿嬎季S方法包括：抽象與概括、分析與綜合，歸納與演繹，對比，原因與結(jié)果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8nV0CaP1gBioZNAl16viZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"定義","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3y5Y9DAuSd8IZ8Fvnt9vth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維的定義是：“是人的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段，人運(yùn)用概念、判斷、推理等思維類型反映事物本質(zhì)與規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)過程?！蓖ㄋc(diǎn)說，邏輯思維是建立在因果關(guān)系之上的，反映客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的思維方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIyQQ2atDkdktdVjutJy2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"邏輯思維具有規(guī)范、嚴(yán)密、確定和可重復(fù)的特點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxGu8Q9BlXGtsd0QxOc4sNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":284,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"定義","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c92b46c7d9594921bcc268149ecf7643","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnYeAoFyXgoG6Bw515YanTtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHh0wO0uabhTxLEdzNIJSbg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJdFf0JsxyUYdyRQXoBS1Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析指的是，把事物分解為各個(gè)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"部分、側(cè)面、屬性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，分別加以研究，分析是認(rèn)識(shí)事物整體的必要階段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzmk9qwIkOnnmgbiTUtkc0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"綜合則是把事物各個(gè)部分、側(cè)面、屬性按內(nèi)在聯(lián)系有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一為整體","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，以掌握事物的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn51iwDuIueTyVm0EZ0iSJXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合是互相滲透和轉(zhuǎn)化的，在分析基礎(chǔ)上綜合，在綜合指導(dǎo)下分析，分析與綜合，循環(huán)往復(fù)，推動(dòng)認(rèn)識(shí)的深化和發(fā)展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaHAb5qficN093Gybqwd2Zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"例如：證明兩線段相等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDmsQFeRsbnmxmBQqtkfihc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"綜合法思路：已知條件→三角形全等或平行四邊形→對應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJXBBK0PyEm8MRqMPLdTxqk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分析法思路：對應(yīng)邊或?qū)呄嗟龋ň€段相等）→三角形全等或平行四邊形→已知條件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvYa57tfHUnnB3Gg04dduNh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"分析和綜合","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fd1d58e3478495198e90844f13d74fa","width":454},"text":"","id":"doxcnEXWCO5YkLSxnaXaJ67hhGg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納和演繹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnechh7aC4gVd56HCONiwsTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納和演繹是認(rèn)知事物和思考的邏輯法則。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyFFM2ZjIIf96p8Jwq1Uqic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"簡單通俗來說：歸納就是把具備某種相同屬性的事物，一一列舉出來，然后尋找共通點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdVMJbpOF78vcB4djk2OUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"演繹法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ6Y9qJn1rXmV38sd408vIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"演繹就是把互相之間形成影響的因素，按照事物因果順序、時(shí)間先后順序，重要程度順序排列出來，再尋找突破口。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYByTG8gikZCJ5s7zBflvDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太極生兩儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦，這是演繹（由太極開始，向后遞推的順序）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Av5bx0jZxkPxMY2t1B9zh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演繹推理的主要形式是“三段論”，由大前提、小前提、結(jié)論三部分組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvcYMrtU8WJ3Gii34JDZgOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提是已知的一般原理；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgBTRyblmpSWqED4LK4tOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小前提是研究的特殊場合；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRJ80cikP22K9PJEY2hXPPk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)論是將特殊場合歸到一般原理之下得出的新知識(shí)。例如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG58cGbZJwgogooH7OD3zDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大前提：鳥都會(huì)飛；小前提：我是鳥；結(jié)論：所以我會(huì)飛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnz5QDd3K6SAS8xeOS1SS4c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJDVSVwyT8MOBeqQ0oG4t8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"龍生龍，鳳生鳳，老鼠的兒子會(huì)打洞，這是歸納（龍，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"風(fēng)","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，老鼠各為一類）。分析若干不同事物（思想、事件、事實(shí)）的主要特點(diǎn)，找出其中的共性、共同點(diǎn)，然后將其歸類到同一個(gè)組中，并說明其共性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ZnkoIC54y0eiDNQwpnbVf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":350,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"歸納法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fef97b46b9944a3f990b90f35d001f8e","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnBa1F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)過程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusEFnzvTE8Ynt0r1U5jOod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNHjHP3g3FZf0500OKKAw3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：C。該題綜合呈現(xiàn)了鳥的所有本質(zhì)的屬性，因此屬于概括過程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTBomBI6YhTiBkU7Ufzooge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、對烏鴉、企鵝、麻雀、鴕鳥等進(jìn)行分析比較后，得出“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無齒有喙”是共同本質(zhì)的屬性，“飛”是非本質(zhì)屬性。這是思維的( )過程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2DIJAkup57ubfixgWf3PgP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A.具體化 B.抽象 C.概括 D.分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnchjt2AzGcrsTxqnSEd78jb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"解析：B。該題從多個(gè)事物中，抽取出了鳥的本質(zhì)屬性是“羽毛”、“動(dòng)物”、“前肢為翼”、“無齒有喙”，找到了鳥的特征。屬于抽象的過程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMrrSi1RTckuNYd4RFaa8Tg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":624,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d1bff7e3c704c1d9bd16bae5ee0920f","width":942},"text":"","id":"doxcnCB9oqyrs7QteqwnkzgyGFg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"4. 分類和比較","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndX1Ai2smjzi1eZWtPDjBQc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分類","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4x8zG45O2XwTEkgvZxarwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指根據(jù)事物的共同性與差異性，把事物分類。具有相同屬性的事物歸入一類。具有不同屬性的事物歸入不同類。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTJ1N81u7SUkMFjRuxoNhFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"比較","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBVmuXk9jDt1wkVZlnm9Myc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比較就是比較兩個(gè)或兩類事物的共同點(diǎn)和差異點(diǎn)，通過比較就能更好地認(rèn)識(shí)事物的本質(zhì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSnlIjOIYger2onEF1wPVZw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":302,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"比較","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afe0f05e87e945728a2fd9027775086c","width":697},"text":"","id":"doxcnpqmsHzoXGConSMYLAj6bof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上述的邏輯思考方法，比較常見的還有對比（求同、存異）和因果兩種，相對比較容易理解。邏輯性強(qiáng)的人，善于解構(gòu)任務(wù)，化繁為簡，剔除無用信息， 能用更短的時(shí)間解決更多的事情。所以，我們要利用方式和方法鍛煉和提高邏輯思維。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnilJwnXtfeu7X6RVJy8PmVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高邏輯思維","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JJKCIb6NBCvOMfSjY6a6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的邏輯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD16lE1129JQ20Ta1wIl65e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P（Point，觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)），R（Reason，原因/理由/根據(jù)），E（Example，實(shí)例/例證），P（Point），A（Action，行動(dòng)）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvAmTG8DpOcMwi2obfIzWof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在正式的談話、講演、文案中，一般可以遵循下面的邏輯/步驟：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnapgdMQruFfSwnpsqbJmfug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：首先，簡潔明了的表明自己的觀點(diǎn)/論點(diǎn)/主張，也就是你在說什么、你想要表達(dá)什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZNJDJ6kFlXW0jy4ZlYGhOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R：其次，說出支持你結(jié)論的“依據(jù)”，也就是回答 你憑什么這樣認(rèn)為，是基于哪種事實(shí)和解釋？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoNBY5PtzGTf8kJmDaRUAmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E：再者，用實(shí)際的例證（資料、數(shù)據(jù)、個(gè)人例子等）來提高你結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)的說服力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuuRS1kxXnPpPypxLzHQu8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：最后重復(fù)結(jié)論，確保自己想傳達(dá)的信息，已確實(shí)傳遞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNGekacVndfNmQlBTlla77f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A：行動(dòng)就是你希望對方怎么做（根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一把","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可以省略）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzcXAug6BJuUzKaX4MyFM5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小結(jié)：簡單來講，這個(gè)模式就是先從結(jié)論說起，再說明得出結(jié)論的理由及根據(jù)，然后舉出具體事例佐證，最后再強(qiáng)調(diào)一次結(jié)論 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn98WiLvkPy1pvaKThDAK51f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"“PREP+A”的邏輯","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ae685e68dcc4ae4a5eaf3075859a74f","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnXAnSTun4KMcpiOnWaaBIkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxcXMwwpWfrCwCet1sorrQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何去設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)框架，這個(gè)方法來","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"自元","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)，這些元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識(shí)如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQsoQtuiIIYkapgIJScj91f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作記憶、長時(shí)記憶、組塊、提取、存儲(chǔ)、必要難度、間隔效應(yīng)、表征、初級(jí)表征、次級(jí)表征、心理表征、記憶、線索、遺忘曲線、圖式、模式、聯(lián)系、刻意練習(xí)、自我生成、詳細(xì)闡述、分散練習(xí)、框架法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTqrAiCfAeZ9gjyHpj30HZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舉一個(gè)例子來區(qū)分一下，工作記憶與長時(shí)記，比如記住一個(gè)姓名：【xxx]，默默5遍后可以記住這個(gè)名字，只不過這個(gè)姓名是在工作記憶里邊。工作記憶不能被長時(shí)的保存，是一種臨時(shí)的記憶。此時(shí)，從大腦里提取這個(gè)姓名，就是從工作記憶中直接提取出來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbRpkyhKmcauP3Z0rCnYPWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"隔了一會(huì)兒，再去提取“剛才記住在工作記憶”的姓名，再也提取不出來了。工作記憶，早已被新的內(nèi)容刷空，如果“長時(shí)記憶”里邊有記住這個(gè)姓名，我們就能從長時(shí)記憶里邊把這個(gè)姓名提取到工作記憶?？上У氖?，遺憾的是，長時(shí)記憶里邊沒有塑造出這個(gè)記憶。或者說長時(shí)記憶雖然保存了這個(gè)記憶，卻提取不出來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9BP6wtszUmTI2iHTU1aEqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQV9onLDvPYvw3JzboFvEzg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7ef07f423e004067b5167462d1e51730","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnLemivPNyz6MJsensxn6djg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"現(xiàn)在要利用元學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)來建立一個(gè)邏輯思維的框架，這個(gè)邏輯思維的框架是針對邏輯學(xué)而言，這就涉及到邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)了。邏輯學(xué)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，個(gè)人提煉出來一些核心而又基礎(chǔ)的概念，如下：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"屬性、性質(zhì)屬性、關(guān)系屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、定義、劃分、判斷、假設(shè)Assumption、假定Hypothesis、推理、論證。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmVb2xHPWKBGjU1bSH8Oimh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如：以詞語“人”作為切入點(diǎn)，通過詞語“人”去銜接“屬性、本質(zhì)屬性、概念、內(nèi)涵、外延、劃分、判斷、推理、論證”。如何從一個(gè)詞語“人”貫通整個(gè)邏輯框架呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnN26r1LOVkPAfw1on9dPaoW"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":373,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7688ed31af9e4809925df576e6aff1a5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwxhq95LmRmQAk9KRKt6msC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人這個(gè)詞語對應(yīng)的概念---\u003e概念對應(yīng)外部世界的一類事物-----\u003e從一類事物之中“抽象、抽取”出屬性---\u003e本質(zhì)屬性----\u003e概念、內(nèi)涵、定義、外延、劃分----\u003e判斷----\u003e推理------\u003e論證！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKvR98NYiUTO2HJJCMc6Jse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這些基礎(chǔ)的概念之間是有聯(lián)系的，剛開始學(xué)習(xí)邏輯學(xué)時(shí)，這些基礎(chǔ)的概念在自己的大腦里是碎片化的、是分立的，是沒法被聯(lián)系起來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfbNbYHgHzVgKQ5e6oFPHMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":234,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握思維框架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0f4b74fc4d4c499ca2582e7532cf1853","width":307},"text":"","id":"doxcnKzRGnQj1hlEQH55Tk819le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"東一處、西一處、南一處、北一處，各個(gè)概念之間缺乏聯(lián)系，對邏輯學(xué)的認(rèn)知就是以一些碎片的認(rèn)知，不能拼成一個(gè)框架，缺乏一個(gè)框架把各個(gè)概念聯(lián)系起來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSO5ImPmaE7aXbQOEkirLDh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"經(jīng)典的模型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLijXnKd8OboQ88pmhbnQPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人說“思維模型是你大腦中用于做決策的工具箱，你擁有的工具越多，你就能夠做出正確的決策”，所以大家可以多學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)典思維模型，幫助自己做出正確的決策。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYQFpfLKjRwSJrIMJwf3WMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"經(jīng)典的模型","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2e6acdc4bca743bc9b0151ddaef91ff2","width":821},"text":"","id":"doxcn9EEvdqrw11HV27kkMUAa2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提問練習(xí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnucB2ZaBMsQSSRYvqWfsA6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在日常生活中，無論是看到、聽到或讀到一些關(guān)于重要信息或者讓你有觸動(dòng)的信息時(shí)，都可以通過一些刻意的自我提問來鍛煉自己的思維。比如讀到一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，就可以這樣問自己：作者為什么會(huì)從這個(gè)角度切入？作者是如何形成這個(gè)結(jié)論？這個(gè)結(jié)論有什么缺點(diǎn)？如果我來寫如何可以更好？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i5YfGrJmeb97EtSiBdT2e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"自我提問練習(xí)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d3775f09de94d349f5362df97b72f99","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnkHVXG6UaBNrAADUe08ejJ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將全書的內(nèi)容濃縮在這一張圖里，有利于我們迅速抓住重點(diǎn)，在日常思維導(dǎo)圖的制作過程中，可以利用工具：XMIND，如果你有輸出的需求，可以購買一個(gè)會(huì)員，如果只是想自己做完保存，也可以不購買會(huì)員。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY13UikzlaLiLuq2MwLC0Th"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"做結(jié)構(gòu)筆記","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7d2b5c55be94f36903550a17cdf10d0","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnnLjsAOqXdJ2ul9nFxSRXie"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkOl7abl7o8zavwCaxWXLwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"思維導(dǎo)圖就是一種工具，可以利用有效圖形來協(xié)助我們的思維表達(dá)的實(shí)用性工具，可以幫助我們發(fā)散思維，理清思路。當(dāng)接到一個(gè)任務(wù)時(shí)，先要做的不應(yīng)該是立馬執(zhí)行，而是先思考。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)候如果不思考，就會(huì)弄不清楚方向，就會(huì)挖掘不出甲方的真實(shí)需求。這時(shí)候我們就要打開思維導(dǎo)圖，開始邏輯的分散性思考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndgqN16nFdbsEPIcV1FO6Jf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":365,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ad3578583bb46d5a91652a564a74cf3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcno8cbRZuiM4yWM0D9npf9xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見好用的思維導(dǎo)圖工具有很多，比如：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHB8sU7KnfmlLKxaGzvH6Jg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":192,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"使用思維導(dǎo)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2bfe472af354d1b8012784a7f72f932","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnQH9cWtnzlFIrSRKczEoXM4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"億圖腦圖MindMaster：強(qiáng)烈推薦，簡單好用高顏值，模板社區(qū)10W+模板內(nèi)容；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjWUPpn4bpEYmVSj2sOc4Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindManager：推薦，思維導(dǎo)圖老大哥，兼容Microsoft office，試用限制30天；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7qPmvwkig9o8D4te05jrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"幕布：較推薦，極簡風(fēng)大綱筆記一鍵生成思維導(dǎo)圖，較長時(shí)間無更新維護(hù)；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2jcR7TO6bAyMk4HIzkXjVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"xmind：推薦，商業(yè)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件，高顏值+做圖穩(wěn)定，但沒有提供在線版和云服務(wù)；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXbUBnSh0iggYRFX44cHzze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MindLine思維導(dǎo)圖：較推薦，輕量級(jí)思維導(dǎo)圖軟件，功能較簡約但界面缺乏設(shè)計(jì)感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzeEjinmWUElcchxzxq6Iad"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"導(dǎo)圖的用法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvDf72mxIuvCE9YmOoS8ptn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，一次會(huì)議可以分三個(gè)階段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5uOSbXnTGLrvlX7WeIGtfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一個(gè)階段，大家暢所欲言，發(fā)散思維，用思維導(dǎo)圖把大家的想法用樹狀圖畫出來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndIIqITk6Z4TrwMuLiFEhCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二個(gè)階段，評(píng)估想法。發(fā)現(xiàn)不同想法之間的聯(lián)系，而且把有聯(lián)系的想法用線條連接起來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5VHDmIq5TiGwZSJ220Tllc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三個(gè)階段，集中思維，形成決議。把討論中淘汰的想法都刪除劃掉，剩下的想法，分出主次和執(zhí)行順序，整理好開始執(zhí)行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBIap6d1hCscA8CVUPFG7Ce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"個(gè)人的想法過程也一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4c5In3BNlhHu4CrRL7qqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"實(shí)用主義的思維導(dǎo)圖一定是雜亂的，畫滿了各種連線、重點(diǎn)符號(hào)、劃掉符號(hào)，就像草稿紙一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBbWqsOnPRNgLLrWEPonsAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"花哨的裝飾和美觀的外表未必實(shí)用，真正的武器身上一定傷痕累累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXIkBDBoQmF3tAgxiwxKpGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":311,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"導(dǎo)圖的用法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cfb24c12796c4319884fe62f92c73450","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcnL6qaG5ecZuepwWezkPgpVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事項(xiàng)：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfoFPWt9tp1go0UxurgtEBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"① 清楚制圖目的","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetRvWjVEw1w0qWOMtZR1Sb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"做思維導(dǎo)圖之前，一定要弄清楚自己制圖的目的是什么？是為了自己梳理思路還是交付于別人傳播。如果是用于分享，就需要有一些設(shè)計(jì)思維。如果是幫助自己梳理思路，那么就不需要美觀度上花去過多的時(shí)間。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYz787WLlgyYsDVExxQjCPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"② 信息傳遞","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl9CZ4jznxh116m9ansCnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"記住做思維導(dǎo)圖重要的是梳理思維，視覺傳達(dá)為輔助，幫助記憶，因此不能本末倒置，花過多的時(shí)間在視覺美化上面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVvaIFicoAbGK9RGh9wvWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③ 語言要精煉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnylhnLbv667pX9ZlP8jrckg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一張思維導(dǎo)圖可以承載的信息畢竟有限，我們要學(xué)會(huì)深度理解信息、適當(dāng)加工，盡量用明確、精煉的語言去傳達(dá)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxNFq9G4uVgCeSWiIJXkkvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④ 日常積累素材庫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6l0edyfh0JnTYeVf7agooc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我們要在日常工作中不斷累積建立好自己的素材庫，可以是圖標(biāo)庫、圖片庫、字體庫、配色庫、模型參考庫等等，這樣能夠有效提高自己的作圖效率。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2jY2aWeM176jZFEY1rtve"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. CNV技術(shù)

CNV可以檢測基因。CMA不可以。

CMA的全稱是“Chromosomal Microarray Analysis”，普遍采用的中文譯名是“染色體微陣列分析（技術(shù)）。由于“微陣列分析技術(shù)”一般以芯片為載體，所以CMA也被稱為“基因芯片”。

這里需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，CMA不能檢測基因，它的功能主要是檢測樣本染色體是否存在非整倍體、CNVs、雜合性缺失、單親二倍體、全三倍體及全多倍體等染色體異常。換句話說，CMA可以檢測樣本的遺傳物質(zhì)是否在數(shù)量上發(fā)生了變化。

CNV的全稱是Copy Number Variation，直譯為“拷貝數(shù)變異”，專指“人類全基因組拷貝數(shù)變異”，即人類的遺傳物質(zhì)在數(shù)量上發(fā)生了變化。CNVs是CNV的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)。